【摘要】 在综合整理公元前1831年-公元1980年中国地震灾害资料的基础上,运用GIS技术,着重探讨了中国地震灾害的时空特征以及中国地震灾害对交通影响的空间分布与类型分析。中国地震灾害记载的时间分布不平衡,是随时间的推移而逐渐呈现上升趋势;其空间分布也不平衡,元代以前集中于山西、河南、陕西一带,明清时期西南和台湾地区有所增加,民国及1949-1980年主要集中于西南、西北及台湾地区。中国地震灾害对交通影响的空间分布也集中于西北、西南地区,特别是云南、四川和新疆,通过地震烈度的空间分布,可知高烈度的地震对新疆的交通系统影响较大,云南和四川较低烈度的地震对其交通系统的影响也比较大,这是因为3省皆分布于中国强震带内,且四川和云南地形复杂,多山地丘陵,其交通线的分布多沿山川行进,故较易受地震影响。然后,依据破坏程度、次生灾害、交通构筑物破坏可将地震灾害对交通的影响划分为不同的影响类型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Earthquake disasters have significant effects on traffic.With the development of economy and tech-nology,the ability of people to deal with natural disasters is gradually enhanced.The vulnerability of the trans-portation system after earthquake disasters and the"lifeline"role that transportation system plays prompt people to pay more attention to the impacts of earthquake disasters on traffic.The research on earthquake disasters and traffic and other related issues are concentrated in earthquake engineering fields,namely from the perspective of traffic engineering construction to study the earthquake resistant behavior of the traffic system.There are rela-tively few studies from the perspective of human geography on the impacts of earthquake disasters on traffic based on the historical earthquake data.China has more detailed historical earthquake materials and data than any other countries in the world.China has not only a great deal of historical earthquake data,but also a large number of modern earthquake assembly data.On the basis of comprehensively coordinating the earthquake di-saster data from 1831 BC to 1980 AD,and using the GIS technology,this article discusses the characteristics of China’s earthquake disasters in time and space,and their influences.The earthquakes in China are imbalanced in spatial and temporal distributions.In the Yuan Dynasty,the earthquakes were concentrated in Shanxi,Henan and Shaanxi.Earthquakes in Southwest China and Taiwan increased in the Ming and Qing dynasties,and those in the Republic of China and during 1949-1980 occurred mainly in Southwest China,Northwest China and Tai-wan.Traffic impacts by earthquake disasters were also concentrated in Northwest and Southwest China,especial-ly in Yunnan,Sichuan and Xinjiang.The earthquakes with high intensities had significant influences on the trans-portation system of Xinjiang.And in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces,the earthquakes with low intensity also had great influences on the transportation systems.That is because the three are all in the pleistoseismic zone,and Yunnan and Sichuan provinces have complex geographical environments with more mountains.Different types of impacts can be divided according to the extent of damage,secondary disasters and ruin of transportation struc-tures.更多还原