【摘要】 为了研究小五台山山涧口流域油松（Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.）人工林水化学特征及离子流转,收集生长初期、生长中期、生长后期的降水及再分配过程（穿透水、树干径流、枯落物渗透水、坡面径流）水样,并测定分析水样的pH值,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺、Zn²⁺、Mn²⁺、Fe²⁺、Cu²⁺质量浓度。结果表明:在穿透水和树干径流中,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Mn²⁺、Fe²⁺质量浓度由大到小的排序为生长初期、生长中期、生长后期; Cu²⁺质量浓度由大到小的排序为生长后期、生长初期、生长中期。在枯落物渗透水和坡面径流中Ca²⁺质量浓度由大到小的顺序表现为生长中期、生长初期、生长后期; Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺、Fe²⁺质量浓度由大到小的排序为生长初期、生长中期、生长后期; Cu²⁺质量浓度由大到小的排序为生长中期、生长后期、生长初期; K⁺、Na⁺、Zn²⁺质量浓度无规律。与同期降水比较,生长初期再分配过程中Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Fe²⁺、Zn²⁺表现为淋溶流失。生长中期再分配过程中Ca²⁺、Mn²⁺、Fe²⁺表现为淋溶流失; Mg²⁺、K⁺在枯落物渗透水中淋溶流失,在其他再分配过程中表现为吸收; Na⁺在树干径流中表现为淋溶流失,在其他再分配过程中表现为吸收; Zn²⁺在树干径流中表现为吸收,在其他再分配过程中少量淋溶流失; Cu²⁺在枯落物渗透水中表现为淋溶流失,在其他再分配过程中无变化。生长后期再分配过程中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Zn²⁺、Mn²⁺表现为淋溶流失,Na⁺、Cu²⁺表现为吸收; K⁺、Fe²⁺在枯落物渗透水中表现为淋溶流失,在其他再分配过程中表现为吸收。pH值在3个阶段都下降。油松林将超过91%的降水截蓄在林地,油松生长必须的K⁺、Cu²⁺处于消耗状态,合计净余量由大到小的排序为生长初期、生长中期、生长后期。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study on hydro-chemical characteristics and ions transfer of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Xiaowutaishan Mountain of Shanjiankou Basin,we collected water samples of rainfall and rainfall redistribution processes（ through-fall,stemflow,litter-through,runoff on slope） at early growth stage,middle growth stage,and later growth stage,and determined pH value of the water sample and the contents of Ca²⁺ ,Mg²⁺ ,K⁺,Na⁺,Zn²⁺ ,Mn²⁺ ,Fe²⁺ ,and Cu²⁺ . In throughfall and stemflow,the descending order of Ca²⁺ ,Mg²⁺ ,K⁺,Mn²⁺ ,and Fe²⁺ in content was early growth stage,middle growth stage,and later growth stage,and the descending order of content for Cu²⁺ was later growth stage,early growth stage,and middle growth stage. In litter-through and runoff on Slope,the descending order of content for Ca²⁺ was middle growth stage,early growth stage,and later growth stage,the descending orders of content for Mg²⁺ ,Mn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ were early growth stage,middle growth stage,and later growth stage,and the descending order of content for Cu²⁺ was middle growth stage,later growth stage,and early growth stage,and the descending orders of content for K⁺,Na⁺and Zn²⁺ were irregularly. Compared with rainfall in the same period,at early growth stage,the Mg²⁺ ,Mn²⁺ ,Na⁺,K⁺,Ca²⁺ ,Fe²⁺ ,Zn²⁺ showed leaching loss in all rainfall redistribution processes. At middle growth stage,Ca²⁺ ,Mn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ showed leaching loss in all rainfall redistribution processes; Mg²⁺ and K⁺showed leaching loss in litter-through and absorption in other rainfall redistribution processes; Na⁺showed leaching loss in stemflow and absorption in other rainfall redistribution processes; Zn²⁺ showed absorption in stemflow and leaching loss in other rainfall redistribution processes; Cu²⁺ showed leaching loss in litter-through and unchanged in other rainfall redistribution processes. At later growth stage,Ca²⁺ ,Mg²⁺ ,Zn²⁺ ,and Mn²⁺ showed leaching loss,and Na⁺and Cu²⁺ showed absorption in all rainfall redistribution processes; K⁺and Fe²⁺ showed leaching loss in litter-through and absorption in other rainfall redistribution processes. The pH value was reduced in all three stages. The P. tabulaeformis plantation retained more than 91% rainfall,K⁺and Cu²⁺ needed for growth of P. tabulaeformis were in consumption state,and the descending order of total net surplus was early growth stage,middle growth stage,and later growth stage.更多还原