【摘要】 通过对新疆玛纳斯河中上游低山荒漠实地考察和植物标本的收集与鉴定,发现该区共有种子植物44科174属294种,其中裸子植物1种,被子植物43科173属293种。科的组成中,单种科与寡种科(2～10种)共有38科,是科组成的主体;较大科(21～50种)和中型科(11～20种)合计仅有6科,但所含种数占62.93%,是该区系的主体;优势科主要有菊科(Compositae)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、十字花科(Cruciferae)、禾本科(Gramineae)和豆科(Leguminosae)等。属的组成中,较大属(11～20种)仅有猪毛菜属(Salsola)和黄耆属(Astragalus),为该区的优势属;寡种属(2～6种)和单种属共有172属269种,分别占总属数和总种数的98.85%和91.50%,是该区系的主体成分。生活型以草本(254种)为主,其中一、二年生草本有139种(含短命植物66种),多年生草本有110种(含类短命植物11种),寄生植物5种,灌木26种、半灌木12种、乔木2种。生态型以中生植物(198种)为主,占67.35%,但旱生植物多为该区的优势属种。植物区系地理成分较复杂,在属级水平上有8个分布区类型和11个变型,以温带分布及其变型(75属,占51.73%)为主;并与地中海、西亚至中亚分布及其变型(42属,占28.97%)联系紧密。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through a field survey of low mountain deserts in the upper reaches of the Manas River in Xinjiang,it was found that there were 294 species of seed plants belonging to 174 genera in 44 families,including one gymnosperm species,43 angiosperm families,and 173 angiosperm genera,in 293 species.Among the families,there are 38 single-species or oligospecies(2～10 species) families(86.37%),and six larger(21～50 species) and medium-sized families(11～20 species).The number of species is 62.93% of the total,which is the main body of the flora;the dominant families are mainly Compositae,Chenopodiaceae,Cruciferae,Gramineae,and Leguminosae.Among the genera,Salsola and Astragalus,represented only by 11～20 species,are the dominant genera in this area.There are 269 species of 172 genera in two to six species and single genera families,accounting for 98.85% and 91.50% of the total genera and species,respectively,which are the main components of the floristic characteristics.Life style is based on herbs(254 species),containing 139 species(including 66 species of short-lived plants) of herbs from 1～ 2 years old,followed by 110 species of perennial herbs(including 11 species of short-lived plants).Among them,there are five species of parasitic plants,26 species of shrubs,12 species of semi-shrubs,and two species of trees.Ecotypes are dominated by mesophytes(198 species),accounting for67.35%,but xerophytes are mostly the dominant genera and species in this area.The geographical distribution of the flora in this area is complex,exhibiting eight distributional types and 11 subtypes at the genera level,which mainly corresponded to variants in temperate floral distributions(75 genera,accounting for 51.73%),which have a close relationship with the Mediterranean and West Asia to Central Asia distribution area types and their variants(42 genera,accounting for 28.97%).更多还原