【摘要】 研究了有无砂粒底质及不同粒径砂粒对日本囊对虾存活、生长及行为特性的影响。试验结果显示,3种砂粒底质组日本囊对虾的成活率和特定生长率均高于无砂组(P<0.05),而蜕皮频率低于无砂组(P<0.05);在砂粒底质中,细砂组成活率最高(P<0.05),而特定生长率和蜕皮频率无显著差异(P>0.05)。不同砂粒处理对日本囊对虾的行为影响显著,投喂前、后无砂组试验虾的运动率、攻击频率均高于3种砂粒底质组(P<0.05),而寻食虾比率则低于细砂组,高于中砂组和粗砂组。砂粒底质组中,投喂前、后试验虾的寻食虾比率和攻击频率以细砂组最高,运动率则以粗砂组最高(P<0.05)。试验结果亦表明,日本囊对虾在细砂组中的埋栖深度较深,但所需潜砂时间较长;体色改变比例随着砂粒粒径增大而升高,第二触角完整比例则随着砂粒粒径增大而降低。综合比较3种砂粒底质,日本囊对虾更偏好砂粒粒径<0.5 mm的细砂。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of grain size on survival, growth, and behavior of kuruna shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus were evaluated under indoor conditions. Three grain size groups(SGS: <0.5 mm, MGS: 1—2 mm, LGS: >2.5 mm) and the control group were designed. The results showed that the survival rate(SR) and the specific growth rate(SGR) in three grain size groups were significantly higher than that in the control group, but the molting frequency(MR) was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The maximal SR in the grain size groups was the SGS group(P<0.05), without significantly difference in the SGR and MR among three grain size groups. Grain substrate also had a significant effect on the behavior of M. japonicus. The locomotion rate(LR) and the attacking frequency(AF) were significantly higher in the control group than those in the grain size groups before and after feeding. Also the feeding ratio(FR) was higher than the MGS and LGS group, but lower than the SGS group. In the grain size groups, the FR and AR were the highest in the SGS group, however the LR was highest in the control group(P<0.05). It is also observed that the burrowing depth of M. japonicas in SGS group was the largest, but the burying time in SGS group was also the longest. The proportion of body color change shrimps increased gradually with the increasing grain size and the proportion with complete second antenna decreased gradually with the increasing grand size. Therefore, M. japonicas preferred the fine-grained sand of grain size less than 0.5 mm.更多还原