【摘要】 蒸散作为重要的水文特征参数,是高寒沼泽草甸能量和水分消耗的主要途径,直接影响着生态系统的物质和能量循环。在高寒地区应用涡动相关法、波文比法、大型蒸渗仪等方法获取大范围实际蒸散较为困难。本研究通过高原地区辐射模型的比较、波文比系统观测,构建基于常规气象要素的高寒沼泽草甸实际蒸散模型,为高寒区域沼泽草甸大范围蒸散估算提供可能。研究结果表明,左大康辐射模型(ZUO)对青藏高原高寒沼泽草甸日辐射模拟效果最佳;采用FAO56P-M,Priestley-Taylor,Hargreaves,Makkink等方法建立青藏高原高寒沼泽草甸日蒸散量估算参考蒸散量与实际蒸散量之间的经验模型,通过比较4种经验模型的RMSE,MAE和AI,发现经验模型FAO56P-M,Makkink,Priestley-Taylor和Hargreaves都可以很好的估算高寒沼泽草甸的实际蒸散,其中FAO56P-M,Priestley-Taylor和Makkink模型的模拟效果优于Hargreaves模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Evapotranspiration as important hydrological characteristics of alpine marsh meadow,is the main way of its energy and water consumption,and it affects directly the mass change and energy cycle of adjacent ecosystems.It is difficult to obtain a large range of actual evapotranspiration in cold region by Eddy Correlation method,Bowen Ratio method and large-scale permeameter.In this study,through comparison of radiation models in the plateau area and bowen ratio system observation,the actual evapotranspiration model of the alpine marsh meadow based on conventional meteorological elements was constructed,which provided a possibility for the estimation of large-scale evapotranspiration of the marsh wetland in the alpine region.The results showed that the ZUO model has the best simulation effect on the diurnal radiation of the alpine meadow over the Tibetan Plateau.And the model recommend by FAO56 P-M.FAO56 P-M,Priestley-Taylor,Hargreaves and Makkink methods were applied to build the empirical model for estimating daily evapotranspiration between reference evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration derived from Bowen Ratio method on alpine marsh meadow in the Tibetan Plateau.After comparing the performance of four empirical models by RMSE,MAE and AI,it showed these models all can get the better estimated daily ETadata on alpine marsh meadow in Tibetan Plateau,however,the performance of the FAO56 P-M,Makkink and the Priestley-Taylor empirical model were better than Hargreaves empirical models.更多还原