【摘要】 为改善地震勘探记录、提高信噪比,近年来提出了基于混沌理论的混沌振子滤波技术(CVM)、基于多道最小平方原理和CVM的时空域双曲滤波技术(HTDF)、基于时频分析和Wigner-Ville分布的时频峰值滤波技术(TFPF)以及基于独立分量分析(ICA)的多次波消减技术。用CVM技术可以在强随机噪声背景中确定同相轴的时空位置;HTDF是CVM的后续处理,使湮没在噪声中的同相轴显现出来。大量仿真实验和实际资料处理表明,TFPF技术可应用于消减地震记录中的随机噪声。基于ICA的多次波消减技术可确定输出信号的振幅和次序。上述4项技术若应用于实际资料,尚需要分别解决诸如计算时间、辅助性处理、因子振幅谱补频、变时窗技术、处理流程的系统工程等问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent years, to improve seismic prospecting records and increasing signal-to-noise ratio, some filtering techniques have been presented, such as the chaotic vibrator method (CVM) based on chaotic theory, the hyperbolic time-distance relation filtering (HTDF) based on the least-squares algorithm, the time-frequency peak filtering (TFPF) based on the time-frequency analysis and Wigner-Ville distribution, the technique decreasing multiples based on independent component analysis (ICA). The CVM is applied to ascertain the location of events with strong random noise. The HTDF is the processing technique following CVM to obtain a clear event recovery from the seismic prospecting records corrupted by random noise. Tests of these methods on both simulation experiments and practical seismic data processing show that the TFPF technique can successfully decrease the random noise. The technique to attenuation multiples based on ICA can differentiate the output signals. However, above four techniques have still some questions which require to be solved, such as the computation efficiency, the assistant processing, the supplement-frequency method of amplitude spectra of the filtering factors, the adapting time-window technique, the systematism of processing performance and so on. Above processing techniques are a part of theory and method in seismic data processing.更多还原