【摘要】 初至拾取是起伏地表地震资料处理的关键环节,直接影响近地表建模的精度及静校正效果,但起伏地表资料极低的信噪比使传统的自动初至拾取算法几乎失效,而手动拾取要耗费巨大的人工和时间成本。本文研究了改进超虚干涉法,结合多道多域初至质量监控技术,实现起伏地表资料初至波自动拾取。改进超虚干涉法首次将近地表散射波纳入干涉法提高信噪比的范围,并通过折射波和散射波的线性组合使干涉法适用于起伏地表条件下任意复杂射线路径的初至波类型;提出反向干涉和多域干涉的概念,显著增强了所估计的虚源信号;使用波形反褶积滤波器较好地抑制了干涉导致的"假事件"的形成;采用多道多域初至质量监控技术,实现错误"假事件"初至的自动归位,提高了拾取初至的稳定性。本文研究的初至波自动拾取理论与技术具有突出的鲁棒性和稳定批量处理大量实际三维地震数据的能力,在中国西部山区三维地震勘探数据处理的应用效果显著,质量优于某常用商业软件。更多还原

【Abstract】 First-break picking is the key step in seismic data processing for surveying undulate surfaces, and directly infl uences the precision of near-surface modeling and effects of static corrections. The current first-break auto-picking methods may fail when the signalto-noise ratio(SNR) is low for seismic data in the undulate area, and require labor and time intensive manual picking. This study develops an improved super-virtual interferometry(SVI) method that combines multichannel and multidomain quality control(MMQC) techniques to achieve auto-picked first breaks. The improved SVI method extends the SVI application to enhance the SNR for near-surface scattered waves for the first time, which allows for the SVI method to adapt to first breaks with complex raypaths by linear combination of refractions and near-surface scattered waves. Methods of inverse and multidomain interferometry are developed to effectively enhance the virtual records extracted by the SVI method. The deconvolution filter for waveforms is used to increase resolution and reduce false picks, while the MMQC technique is designed to auto-correct false picks and increase the stability of auto-picking first breaks. The robust technique developed in this study enables stable processing of large 3D seismic datasets. Higher quality results are obtained using the approach presented in this paper to actual field data from the mountain areas in western China, when compared to some commonly used commercial software.更多还原