【摘要】 塔里木盆地奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩在成岩和后成岩过程孔中形成了较为复杂的孔隙结构特征,其速度等地震弹性参数不仅与孔隙度有关,而且还与孔隙结构特征密切相关。本文对取自塔中碳酸盐岩样品进行了岩石物理测试,从铸体薄片数字图像处理中提取了反映样品孔隙结构的平均比表面、平均孔喉半径、孔隙圆度以及平均纵横比等特征参数。研究表明,平均高速度样品具有低平均比表面、高平均孔喉半径和高均纵横比的特征。由于致密碳酸盐岩样品的孔隙结构差异引起流体相关速度频散作用的不同,然而速度频散与平均比表面和平均纵横比之间没有线性关系,在平均比表面较高或者较低时,岩石样品孔隙结构较为均匀致使喷射流作用相对较弱,造成超声测量结果接近于Gassmann方程预测结果;而当刚度较大的溶蚀(铸模)孔隙与刚度较小的微裂隙共存于岩石样品中,流体相关速度频散作用明显,造成测量纵波速度结果与Gassmann方程预测结果存在较大差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Ordovician carbonate rocks of the Yingshan formation in the Tarim Basin have a complex pore structure owing to diagenetic and secondary structures. Seismic elastic parameters(e.g., wave velocity) depend on porosity and pore structure. We estimated the average specific surface, average pore-throat radius, pore roundness, and average aspect ratio of carbonate rocks from the Tazhong area. High P-wave velocity samples have small average specific surface, small average pore-throat radius, and large average aspect ratio. Differences in the pore structure of dense carbonate samples lead to fluid-related velocity variability. However, the relation between velocity dispersion and average specific surface, or the average aspect ratio, is not linear. For large or small average specific surface, the pore structure of the rock samples becomes uniform, which weakens squirt fl ow and minimizes the residuals of ultrasonic data and predictions with the Gassmann equation. When rigid dissolved(casting mold) pores coexist with less rigid microcracks, there are significant P-wave velocity differences between measurements and predictions.更多还原