【摘要】 儿童是祖国的未来,社会的希望,发展儿童福利事业对提高国民整体素质、促进妇女劳动力就业、提高生育率都具有重要意义。儿童福利包括儿童政策和服务,托育政策和服务则是儿童福利的重要内容。作为补充性的儿童福利服务,托育服务具有照顾、保护和教育功能。在实施"全面二孩"政策背景下,托育服务的社会需求更加强烈。回顾新中国70年来托育服务的发展历程,梳理其发展背景、托育方式和实施机构、托育政策等,探讨托育服务的发展变迁状况,有助于明确未来托育服务的发展趋势。纵观我国托育服务发展历程可以发现,我国的托育服务和学前教育服务、女性解放、儿童福利等紧密相连。目前我国托育服务在立法和保护机制、托育行政管理体系、政府财政投入、0-3岁婴幼儿的托育、从业人员专业素质、社会力量介入等方面存在种种不足,需要进一步改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Children are the future of the motherland and the hope of society. Developing children’s welfare is of great significance for improving the overall quality of the people, promoting the employment of women’s labor force and raising the fertility rate. Child welfare includes children’s policies and services. Nursing policies and services are important contents of children’s welfare. As a supplementary child welfare service, nursery service has the functions of care, protection and education. Under the background of implementing the "comprehensive two-child" policy, the social demand for nursery services has become increasingly prominent. This paper reviews the development background, modes, institutions and policies of nurturing services in various historical stages of the past 70 years in New China, presents the development and changes of nurturing services, and explores the future direction of nurturing services. Throughout the development process of nursery services, nursery services and pre-school education services, women’s liberation, child welfare and so on are closely linked. At the present stage, there are some deficiencies in the legislation and protection mechanism, the administrative system of nursery care, government financial input, nursery care for infants aged 0-3, professional quality of practitioners, and intervention of social forces, which need for further improvement.更多还原