【摘要】 当城市发生重大事故灾害与突发事件时,有效地对人群进行疏散,使之撤离到相对安全的避难场所,是应急救援行动的核心技术问题,是解决城市公共安全问题必须首先面对的重大课题。充分考虑选址问题中的"公平"和"效率"原则,提出了城市避难场所选址的多目标规划模型,并利用建模优化软件LINGO(Linear Interactive and GeneralOptimizer)进行了求解,从而得出避难场所的最佳选址位置。最后,以天津市地震避难场所的选址为例,说明了多目标规划在城市避难场所选址中的应用过程。结果表明,这种方法可以满足选址规划需求,具有一定的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economy and society, increasing people and properties are gathered in city.Emergency accidents and natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, storms, etc.) as well as the induced secondary disasters (fire, explosion, leakage of toxic substances, etc.) will bring tremendous losses.When major natural disasters or emergency accidents take place, the best way to reduce casualties and property losses is evacuating the population out of the dangerous areas in the shortest time.The ultimate purpose of evacuation plan is to enable people to escape from danger and reach a relatively safe place of refuge.Construction of emergency shelters is a measure for the international community to deal with emergency incidents. Planning and construction of emergency shelters in cities, especially in large cities and mega-cities is an important measure to reduce the casualties and losses.The selection of optimal urban shelter location was studied in this paper.By comprehensively considering the principles of "fairness" and "efficiency" in the location selection, the maximum coverage model and the p-median model were integrated in this study.Multi-objective urban shelter location planning model composed of two objective functions was proposed.The modeling was solved in optimization software LINGO (Linearnteractive and General Optimizer), and the optimal urban shelter locations were obtained. The model was later applied in the Tianjin earthquake shelter location planning, as an example to illustrate the multi-objective planning process of urban shelters.Six earthquake shelters which are not only able to cover all the population in the planning area, but also able to minimize the weighted total distance were obtained.The results showed that the proposed model can satisfy the planning requirement of urban shelter management.更多还原