【作者】 周玮；

【导师】 孙辉；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 电机与电器， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 随着能源需求增长与化石燃料资源日趋枯竭,风力发电作为可再生能源中最具有经济发展前景的发电方式之一越来越受到人们的青睐和重视。与传统发电机组不同,风电输出功率具有间歇性和随机性的特点,大规模风电并网势必给电力系统的经济调度和安全运行带来新的挑战和要求。因此,研究含有大规模并网风电场的动态经济调度是一项十分紧迫的课题,本文针对这一课题开展了相关的调度模型和方法研究。首先,为方便后续调度模型的求解,进行了非线性规划相关理论与方法的研究工作。分别就基于随机搜索技术的粒子群算法和基于梯度方向的原对偶内点算法的机理进行了详细分析。通过引入最大偏离函数、可行化调整策略以及变异调整策略,提高了粒子群算法进入可行域的速度,避免了算法出现早熟现象。将改进粒子群算法的全局搜索特性和预估—校正原对偶内点算法的局部寻优特性相结合,让两种算法优势互补,提出一种混合优化策略。研究表明该混合策略可用于解决具有多约束、非凸、多峰特性的复杂优化问题,并能获得更高质量的解。然后,深入分析含风电场电力系统动态经济调度的影响因素,在前人相关研究成果的基础上,考虑了风电功率的波动性和难以预测性对动态经济调度旋转备用的新要求,提出一种计及正、负旋转备用容量约束的含风电场电力系统动态经济调度新模型。此外,在发电成本函数中还计及了阀点效应的影响,从而使得优化模型具有非线性,多峰值和不可微的特点。在对该模型利用凝聚函数法进行光滑化处理以后,应用本文提出的粒子群内点混合优化策略求取优化问题的全局最优解。在上述调度模型的基础上,引入风速和负荷预测误差的概率分布函数来描述系统中存在的不确定性因素,提出了一种基于风险备用约束的含风电场电力系统动态经济调度新模型,并采用惩罚的方式在目标函数中引入风电出力计划相对于实际出力过多或过少的惩罚成本(备用成本)。从而通过优化调度得到一个相对合理的风电计划出力值。利用含有一个风电场的10机组系统算例证明了该调度模型的可行性。最后,为进一步验证本文所提模型和方法的实用性,以辽宁电网为应用案例,研究凌海风电场大规模风电并网后的动态调度问题。实际案例分析结果表明,采用本文提出的基于风险备用的含风电场动态经济调度模型计算获得的调度方案能够更加全面、合理地反映系统实际运行对风险和成本的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increase of energy demand and depletion of global fossil oil resources, wind power generation has been paid more attention as a good alternative to thermal energy power generation. However, different from conventional generators, the large-scale integration of wind power generators has associated operational challenges due to its uncertainty and variability. As a result, it becomes more and more necessary to study the dynamic economic dispatch (DED) issues in wind power integrated system. The corresponding model and method have been investigated in this paper.Firstly, the general overviews of optimization techniques used in the paper are presented. The optimization principles of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and nonlinear primal-dual interior point (IP) method are analyzed in detail. The PSO global searching ability is improved by applying maximum deviation function, feasible regulation scheme and mutation regulation scheme. This paper proposes a new hybrid methodology combining these two methods. The proposed method is developed in such a way that the improved PSO algorithm is applied as a based level search, which can give a good direction to the optimal global region, and a local search primal-dual IP method is used as a fine tuning to determine the optimal solution at the final. Investigation indicates this method is suitable for solving the optimaztion model with nonlinear, noncovex and multi-peak-value characteristics and a higher quality solution can be obtained.Then the influence factors of DED issue in wind integrated power systems are analyzed. In the optimization model, the constraints of up spinning reserve and down spinning reserve are introduced to deal with the influence of wind power forecast errors on dynamic economic dispatch. The valve point effect is also considered in the objective function. That is to say, the optimization model is of non-differentiable characteristics. On the basis of smoothing technology, this paper applies the hybrid PSO and IP algorithm to calucate the global optimal solution.Based on the above DED model, the probabilistic distributions of wind speed and load forecast errors are introduced to describe the uncertainty in power systems. So a modified DED optimization model with wind power penetration is proposed. In this model, the risk based up and down spinning reserve constraints are considered. The required up and down spinning reserve costs are also included in the objective function, which stand for the costs caused by the risk of shedding load and penalty of wasting energy respectively. Using the proposed model, a reasonable scheduled output of wind power can be obtained. Simulation results of a system with ten conventional generators and one wind farm demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Finally, the DED issue for Liaoning power system integrating large wind farms is analyzed and discussed to validate the practicability of the proposed methods. It can be concluded from simulation results that the dispatch scheme determined by the risk reserve constrained DED model with wind power penetration shows its superiority in regard to comprehensively and reasonably reflecting the requirement of risk and cost in power systems.更多还原