【作者】 徐勇；

【导师】 吴宇晖；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 西方经济学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 当前全球经济在百年不遇的经济危机阴霾笼罩之下,国际经济格局可能面临着新一轮洗牌。服务外包业恰是此次变革中的关键所在。原因有三:一是服务外包多集中于IT产业。IT业作为科技革命的引领者,发展速度极快,正是由于剧烈的竞争使得企业不得不为了强化自我的优势而将其他非核心业务外包出去。因此,IT业与服务外包可谓如影随形,无处不在。二是服务外包不仅仅关系到服务业本身的发展,同时它所能提供的服务也为制造业提供了强有力的支撑。并且,服务外包创造了大量的就业机会,这对中国来说意义非凡。三是服务外包的兴起也是由于这一产业本身资源消耗少,有利于保护生态环境,能够适应发展低碳经济的需要。但是由于种种原因,国内对于服务外包业经济学意义上的探讨相对比较少,而管理学角度的研究比较多。为此,本文对服务外包这个议题从企业开始讲起,以成本作为研究的视角,从生产成本、交易成本两个角度对服务外包进行分析,并提供了对服务外包的经济学角度的理解。之后,本文重点比较发达国家与发展中国家服务外包业的优势与劣势,对我国服务外包业提供借鉴。本文采取如下的研究框架:第一部分(第一章至第二章)是对服务外包问题与背景的介绍。对服务外包的兴起、发展的历史进行了追述并针对当前服务外包业的研究现状进行了评论。之后对服务外包的内涵和外延从经济学角度进行了分析和概括。需要说明的是,本文对服务外包的经济学定义表现了本文研究问题的视角与方向。本文主要将服务外包理解为市场“中间体组织”的一种企业松散联盟,企业通过“中间体组织”有效地规避了市场风险,提高了企业收益。第二部分(第三章)是服务外包的理论分析。本部分在详尽把握服务外包国内外数据的基础上,构建了一个以成本分析为视角的分析框架,该框架从“成本—收益”入手,梳理了专业分工理论、比较优势理论、赫克歇尔-俄林的要素禀赋理论、科斯的交易成本理论等理论的脉络,对服务外包进行了详尽而深入的分析,并认为服务外包的存在与发展取决于生产成本与交易成本的总和与服务外包的效益的比较,而控制成本始终是企业进行服务外包的最大原动力。其中,控制生产成本的关键在于规模效益,但规模效益总会面临效应递减的困境。因此,企业在内部生产与市场公开购买服务两种选择之外选择了服务外包这一新的企业合作模式。这种模式对于企业来说可以大幅降低生产成本与交易成本。第三部分(第四章至第六章)是服务外包业的实证研究。在对国内外服务外包发展进行了横向、纵向比较之后,重点考察了发达国家与发展中国家的优势与劣势。由于中国的服务外包产业尚处起步阶段,但是发展速度很快,存在“后发优势”与“后发劣势”,文章最后对中国服务外包业现状进行分析之后,对如何能够保持优势、“化危为机”提出了独到的建议与对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 The global economy was shrouded in the haze of a huge economic crisis for some time, and the international economic situation may be faced with a new shuffle. Service outsourcing industry is the key to this change.It is crucial because of three reasons. One is that service outsourcing mainly focused on IT industry. As the leader of science and technology revolution, IT industry developments very fast. And because of the severe competition, in order to strengthen their advantage, corporations choose to outsource business that is not the core operation. Therefore, the IT industry and service outsourcing go binate everywhere. The second reason is not only related to service outsourcing itself, but also provides services that support the manufacturing industry. And since service outsourcing creates a large number of employment, it is specially significance for China. The third reason is that the rise of service outsourcing is due to the industry’s low resources consumption, which protect the ecological environment, and adapts to the needs of low-carbon economy well.But for various reasons, the domestic research for service outsourcing industry are mainly from the management point of view and relatively scarce from the economics one. Therefore, this paper starts from the enterprise, using the cost angle, researches service outsourcing from both production cost and transaction cost angles, provides an economics understanding of the service outsourcing. And then, after comparing the advantages and disadvantages of service outsourcing industry in developed countries and the developing countries, this paper focuses on the service outsourcing industry in our country.The research framework of this dissertation is arranged as follows:The first part (chapter 1-2) is the introduction of the problem of service outsourcing and its background. The paper reviewed the rise and development of service outsourcing, and then presented the current research status of service outsourcing industry. After that, the denotation and connotation of service outsourcing are analyzed and summarized from the angle of economics. We need to emphasis a point here, that is, the economics definition of service outsourcing presented in this paper showed the angle of the problem that was studied in this paper. In this paper, we understood service outsourcing as some loose enterprise alliances of the“intermediate organizations”of market through which the enterprises may efficiently avoid the market risk and therefore improve the corporate earningsThe second part (chapter 3) is a theoretical analysis of the service outsourcing. On the basis of the data of service outsourcing domestic and abroad, a framework based on the perspective of cost analysis was constructed. This framework started from the cost-benefit analysis, summarized the theory of the division of labor, the theory of comparative advantage, the H-O factor endowments theory, the transaction cost theory and so on, analyzed service outsourcing thoroughly, and drew a conclusion that the existence and development of service outsourcing depended on the comparing of the summation of production cost and transaction cost and the benefits of service outsourcing, and also the control of the cost is always the biggest motivity for the enterprises to perform the outsourcing services. The key of controlling the production cost is the economies of scale, but the scale benefits will face the problem of decreasing effect. As a result, besides the internal production and purchase the service in the market, the enterprises choose a new cooperation mode, service outsourcing. This new mode model can significantly reduce the production cost and transaction cost for enterprises.The third part (chapter 4-6) is the empirical research of service outsourcing industry. After the horizontally and vertically comparing of the development of service outsourcing domestic and abroad, we focused on the advantages and disadvantages in the developed countries and the developing countries. The outsourcing industry in China is still in the initial stage, but the development is rapid, and the "late-mover advantage" as well as the "curse to the late comer" both exist. In the end, after analysed the status of service outsourcing industry in China, this paper provided some advices of how to keep the advantages.更多还原