【作者】 金道荣；

【导师】 王洪君；

【作者基本信息】 北京大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 本文从母语语法机制对二语习得产生影响的视角出发,收集、整理当代“阿汉语(韩汉语与维汉语)”和历代“阿汉语(蒙汉语与满汉语)”文献中的“把”字句偏误现象,梳理出各种阿汉语一致的“把”字句偏误,将其分为四大类七小类,进而分析阿语共同的语法机制的大背景下的汉语“把”字句偏误生成机制,并从阿语语法机制反观汉语“把”字句及相关语法机制的特点。该成果有助于从理论上更深入地认识汉语“把”字句的特点,并把类型学的研究将可以引入二语教学领域,具有一定的参考价值。本文的创新点主要有如下几点：1.以更为全面的语料为基础,通过对母语、二语语法机制的深入对比,有选择地吸收其他学者的观点,对汉语“把”字句的核心句式和核心句式义做出了新的总结(“SNeg/Aux把O V处置R了”和“处置性致使”)2.更为全面地收集了韩国学生在正式程度不同的语境下的“把”字句语料,通过定量分析,找出了韩国学生自然状态下的“把”字句偏误的主要类型。3.通过分析当代韩国学生的“把”字句典型偏误类型,对阿汉语“把”字句偏误生成机制进行系统的分析,将其归纳为三条：①“当宾现象”,②致使机制,③“宾语包孕句”机制。据此从母语的表层与深层机制解释了造成阿语母语者“把”字句偏误的主要原因。4.观察到当代新疆、青海方言的特点、中国历代北方文献中的特殊“把”字句与当代韩国学生的错误“把”字句一致,从阿尔泰语言一致的语法机制出发解释了近代汉语里特殊“把”字句现象的产生机制。分析指出：①北方汉语“将”的退位和“把”的突然繁荣,应该跟“把”的语音形式与女真语[ba]、满语[be]的宾格助词音一致有关。②通过“磁铁理论”这一形象化的比喻,提出了语言接触借用机制中的“和平共存”和“相互排斥”原则——“磁铁两极的相吸相斥规律”。这一理论具有普通语言学语言接触理论的价值。5.本文所归纳的四大偏误类型和对“特殊把字句”的分析,对尚未考察的与阿族有密切接触的当代汉语方言和历代“阿汉语”文献中这类现象的出现具有预测性。6.首次通过Neg/Aux前置与后置的类型学映照,揭示了汉语介词语序的特殊性和残留的动词性。7.首次通过阿语致使机制的系统分析,揭示了阿族母语者将“使”误用为“把”的母语背景——致使机制的差异与“当宾现象”的双重干扰。论文的最后指出了本论文的不足及有待研究的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this thesis, I categorize four types of errors of the "ba" Construction in Altaic Chinese and figure out the internal error-generating mechanism, based on a large amounts of errors of the "ba"(把) Construction of Korean and Uygur stude nts and the Mongolian-Manchu Chinese. This study can help us further understan d the "ba" construction in mandarin and provide a new insight of the instructio n of "ba" construction in Chinese as a second language.The main arguments of the thesis are:1. It claims that the typical "ba" construction in Chinese is "S Neg/Aux BA O V Disposal R了" and its core meaning of the construction is "Disposal Causati ve".2. It categorizes the main error types of the "ba" Construction of Korean students, based on the large collections of the "ba" Construction errors of them.3. By analyzing the typical errors of the "ba" Construction of Korean stude nts, it categorizes three types of error-generating mechanism:1) Object marker,2) the Causative structures,3) Object-embedded Sentence.4. It observes that in terms of "ba" construction, there are similarities amon g the error phenomena of Korean students and the features of dialects in New te rritory、Blue sea provinces and also in some other northern dialects described in historical documents. According to this observation, this thesis interprets the gen erating mechanism of "ba" Construction in the history. It claims that the leading role of "ba" in North Chinese has something to do with its contacts with the Altaic languages. Specifically, the resigning of "jiang(将)" and abruptly flourishin g of "ba"(把) in North Chinese, is due to the sound similarity between "ba" a nd the objective marker in the Jurchen and Manchu language, which is [ba] and [be]. It further holds that "surviving together" and "mutually rejecting" principle s are universally essential to borrowing mechanism in language contacts——"the essential features of Magnet", it is really worth referring to the theory of langua ge contact in linguistic universal.5. This thesis also claims that it is possible to use the four types of errors a nd the analysis of the special "ba" Constructions in this thesis to predict the ot her contemporary Chinese dialects which have closely contacted with the Altaic 1 anguages and the historical Altaic Chinese documents.6. This thesis, by the typological comparisons of the pre-posing and post-pos ing of Negative and Auxiliary verbs, for the first time, points out the particularit y of the word order of "Neg/Aux+PP+VP" in Chinese and its remaining verbal f eatures of "ba" in the construction.7. By systematical analysis of the causative structures in Altaic, this thesis cl aims that the confusing usage of "Pivotal(使)" and "Disposal(把)" of Altaic Stu dents is because of the dual interference of object marker and the causative struc tures in Altaic.In the final chapter, some issues which need further studies are provided.更多还原