【作者】 刘天舒；

【导师】 李树君； 景全荣；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业机械化科学研究院 ， 机械设计及理论， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 随着都市生活节奏不断加快,快餐业的发展使快餐具的需求迅猛增长。鉴于传统非环保的发泡塑料包装容器环境及人类健康损害严重,可降解餐具因其可降解性和环境污染小而备受关注。植物纤维餐具干法成型工艺具有生产成本低、原料来源丰富、能耗低等特点,克服了传统餐具应用所带来的负面效应。本文主要研究内容如下：1.研究植物纤维餐具干法压制的成型机理。本文从植物纤维的物料特性、形态结构入手,分析了干法压制成型各组分的粘结机制、秸秆主要组分的作用、秸秆粉颗粒粒度的影响,干法成型的电势特性、熔融过程、物料化学成分变化、力学特性。探讨干法热压成型工艺。2.优化植物纤维餐具干法热压成型的工艺。本文以成型设备的成型压力、成型温度、成型时间三个关键参数为自变量,进行二次回归正交旋转组合设计试验,建立成型餐具的外观质量、抗压缩力学特性的回归模型。结合响应面分析法分析了各个自变量及交互作用对成型餐具的外观质量、抗压缩力学特性的影响规律。运用模糊综合评判法对植物纤维干法压制成型餐具的外观质量、抗压缩力学特性进行总体优化,建立综合质量回归模型。3.研制干法成型机。确定植物纤维干法压制成型设备主要技术参数,研究组成结构和运行原理,优化定量供料、集成成型部件及自动取制品部件的平台布局,研究精确定量供料技术、热量平衡技术、组合油缸技术,集成液压系统与自动控制系统。4.对餐具成型产品力学性能分析。采用有限元建模方法对成型餐具进行模拟和理论分析,得出成型餐具应力分布规律,在不改变原料属性的情况下,成型餐具的外观变化对餐具制品力学性能的改善具有非常大的作用,对成型模具形状设计和预知餐具的整体力学特性具有重要作用。本文的结论为：1、借助SAS软件进行回归方程的方差分析和t检验,分析回归出综合性能指标对压制成型压力、压制成型温度及压制成形时间的回归数学模型。得出最佳工艺参数组合为：上模温度为179℃、第一次加压压力178bar、第一次加压时间为9s。2、设计了KCJ-160型植物纤维热压成型机。成型机采用模块式组装设计,整机所有动作均采用自动控制,采用机械、液压、气动于一体化技术,通过PLC集成控制、A/D模数转换实现数字化自动控制。3、测定了秸秆材料和餐具整体压缩的力学性能及参数；分析得到最优的两组成型餐具模型。分析表明有限元的介入对于已知材料属性的情况下进行更好的外部设计、预知整体性能起到了非常重要的辅助作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the accelerating pace of urban life, fast-food industry grew in demand for quick dishes. In view of the traditional non-environmentally friendly plastic foam containers serious damage to the environment and human health, degradable tableware was attracted much attention because of biodegradable and environmental. Plant Fiber Tableware was processed with the production of low cost, abundant sources of raw materials, low energy consumption, applications to overcome the traditional dishes negative effects. The main contents of this paper were:1. Molding mechanism of plant fiber tableware dry method press forming was analyzed and researched. The plant fiber tableware dry pressing adhesive mechanism of each component, the role of the main components of straw, straw particle size of powder, dry forming potential properties, melting, material changes in chemical composition, mechanical properties were analyzed. The plant fiber tableware dry hot forming process was discussed.2. The plant fiber tableware dry hot forming processe was optimized. The molding pressure, molding temperature, molding time, these three key parameters were as independent variables, the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation experiments were designed to establish the appearance of forming tableware quality, compression mechanical properties of the regression model. Response surface analysis combined with analysis of the various independent variables and the interaction of forming the appearance of quality tablewar. Comprehensive evaluation method of dry pressing plant fiber appearance quality tableware, compression mechanical properties of the overall optimization were optimized, the establishment of comprehensive quality regression model.3. Plant fiber dry molding machine was developed. The plant dry pressing equipment, fiber main technical parameters was determined, the structure, dosing integrated molded parts and products automatically check the layout of the platform components were optimized, focus on the precise dosing technology, the heat balance technique, combination of tank technology, integrated hydraulic systems and automatic control system.4. Plant fiber products dry mechanical properties of hot pressing was analyzed. Finite element modeling method to simulate the molding tableware and theoretical analysis were adopted, the stress distribution molding utensils was got, without changing the material properties of the situation, change the appearance of forming tableware tableware products to improve the mechanical properties of a very big role, the shape of the mold design and predict the mechanical properties of tableware had an important supporting roleThe conclusion is:1. SAS software was used for variance analysis of regression equation and the t test, integrated performance index regressed pressing pressure, pressing time, temperature and compaction regression model was analyzed. The optimum parameters were as follows:mold temperature is 179℃, the first pressurized pressure 178bar, the first pressure time 9s.2. The KCJ-160 type of plant fiber molding machine was designed. the modular assembly machine designed, machine controls automatic, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic in integrated technology as one, integrated control by PLC, A/D analog-digital conversion digital automatic contro.3. The straw materials and utensils and the overall parameters of the mechanical properties of compression was determined; the optimal model of the two groups forming utensils was analyzed. the finite element analysis showed that the involvement of known material properties for the case of external design better predict the overall performance has played a very important supporting role.更多还原