【作者】 肖嵘；

【导师】 冯中朝；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业贸易与农村金融管理， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 中国是世界花生的主产国和主要贸易国之一。在中国农作物中,花生是单产、总产和出口创汇最高的油料作物和经济作物。中国花生产品具备资源桌赋的比较优势,但它在国际贸易中表现出的优势远小于其资源禀赋优势。为什么会出现这种局面?怎样改变这种局面?中国花生产品国际竞争力究竟处于什么水平以及如何提升其水平?这值得我们进行探索和研究。本文运用比较优势理论、竞争优势理论、国际竞争力理论和比较经济学等相关理论,在大量搜集和分析相关数据、信息资料的基础上,采取文献分析法、比较分析法、因素分析法、实证分析法等多种方法,对中国花生产品的国际竞争力问题进行了系统研究。研究对象包括原料花生、花生食品、花生油和花生饼在内的4种主要花生产品,参照系为世界花生产品主要出口国(中国、美国、阿根廷、印度)和中国花生产品主要出口市场(欧盟市场、日本市场、俄罗斯市场、东盟市场、韩国市场)。全部研究分为5大部分,包括8个章节,对中国花生产品国际竞争力构建了综合评价指标体系并进行评价分析,测算了影响国际贸易的程度,提出了相关对策建议,每个部分的主要内容及结论如下：第1部分是导论,介绍了研究背景、目的及意义,对国内外相关研究进行综述,并说明了研究方法、技术路线、框架结构以及可能的创新点与不足之处。第2部分构建了中国花生产品国际竞争力综合评价指标体系,包括第2章、第3章、第4章和第5章。第2章综述了相关理论依据——比较优势、竞争优势和国际竞争力的内涵,分析了比较优势、竞争优势与国际竞争力的关系。第3章从种植面积、总产量、单产、生产技术、生产布局5个方面阐述了世界及中国花生产品的生产发展概况,并从贸易量和贸易额、进出口品种结构、进出口地区结构3个方面阐述了世界及中国花生产品的贸易发展概况,发现中国花生产品的总产量和出口量均位于世界第一,是世界花生产品的主产国和主要贸易国。第4章对中国花生产品的生产要素条件、生产成本、价格、品质、安全卫生、相关产业、国家政策7个因素的现状与问题进行了分析,发现生产要素条件、生产成本和价格基本上对国际竞争力产生正面影响,而品质、安全卫生、相关产业和国家政策更多的是带来非正面影响。第5章介绍了国际竞争力指标综合评价法的实践研究和评价指标的设计原则,构建了中国花生产品国际竞争力综合评价指标体系,说明了14项评价指标的具体度量方法。第3部分根据中国花生产品国际竞争力综合评价指标体系,从国际竞争力绩效实现和影响因素两个方面对中国花生产品国际竞争力进行了评价和分析。结果显示：整体上看,中国花生产品的竞争力仅次于阿根廷,而强于美国、印度；分品种看,原料花生和花生食品的国际竞争力相对强,花生油和花生饼的国际竞争力相对弱；从主要出口市场上的情况看,在日本、韩国市场上的竞争力基本保持强势平稳状态,在欧盟、俄罗斯、东盟市场上的竞争力有逐渐下降趋势；从影响因素上看,在国内资源成本、价格、生产率上具有明显优势,在质量上具有一定优势,而在安全卫生、政府政策上则没有优势。第4部分运用恒定市场份额模型原理构造了单一市场模型和单一产品模型,测算出中国花生产品竞争力对国际贸易的影响程度,发现中国花生产品的竞争力正在下滑,其出口贸易的增长主要是由于世界市场需求规模的扩大而引起的。第5部分根据中国花生产品国际竞争力影响因素分析及其国际竞争力评价结果,从生产效率、质量安全、相关产业和政府政策4个方面提出了提高中国花生产品国际竞争力的对策与建议,以供相关部门参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is one of the main peanut producing and trading countries in the world. In Chinese crops, the peanut is the highest per unit area yield, the highest total production and the. highest export obtaining foreign exchange of oil crops and cash crops. Chinese peanut products have comparative advantages of natural resources truly, but its advantage showed in international trade is far less than the advantage of its natural resources. Why is this happening? How to change this situation? What level is the International competitiveness of Chinese peanut products exactly at and how to improve its level? This is worthy of exploration and research.This article uses theory of comparative advantage, theory of competitive advantage, theory of international competitiveness, the theory of comparative economics and collection theories, and bases on collecting and analysing a large number of data and information, and adopts the literature analysis method, the comparative analysis method, the factor analysis method, the empirical analysis method and so on, and systematically studies the international competitiveness of Chinese peanut products. The study includes raw peanut, peanut food, peanut oil and peanut cake 4 main peanut products. The frame of reference includes the world’s major exporter of peanut products (China, the United States, Argentina, India) and mainly export markets of Chinese peanut products (EU, Japan, Russia, the ASEAN market, the Korean market). This article has built the international competitiveness evaluation index system of Chinese peanut products and evaluated it, has measured the impact of international trade, and put forward related countermeasures.This article is divided into five parts, including the eight chapters, the main contents and conclusions of each part are as follows:Part 1 is an introduction. Introduces the research background, the purpose and significance, research review at home and abroad, and describes research methods, technical line, frame structure, possible innovations and deficiencies.Part 2 builds the international competitiveness evaluation index system of Chinese peanut products, including Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Chapter 5.Chapter 2 reviews the relevant theoretical basis—comparative advantage, competitive advantage and international competitiveness of content, and analyze of comparative advantage, competitive advantage and international competitiveness relationship. Chapter 3 expounds the development of the world and the Chinese peanut’s production, including acreage, production, yield, production technology, distribution of production 5 aspects, as well as the development of the world and the Chinese peanut’s trade, including volume of trade, import and export product structure, import and export area structure 3 aspects. We find that the output and export of Chinese peanut products are located at the world first, and China is mainly peanut producing and major trading country in the world. Chapter 4 analyzes present situations and questions of Chinese peanut production element conditions, production costs, prices, quality, safety and health, related industries, national policies 7 aspects. We found that f production element conditions, production costs and prices are basically positive impact on international competitiveness, while the quality, safety and health, related industries and national policy are to bring more non-positive. Chapter 5 introduces the practice research in evaluation index method of the international competitiveness and design principles of evaluation indices, builds the international competitiveness evaluation index system of Chinese peanut products, and specifies measure methods of 14 evaluation indices.Part 2 evaluates the international competitiveness of Chinese peanut products from international competitiveness achievements and affecting factors 2 aspects, according to the international competitiveness evaluation index system of Chinese peanut products. The results show that:Overall, the competitiveness of peanut products in China is second only to in Argentina, and stronger than in the United States, India; sub-varieties of view, raw peanuts and peanut products are relatively strong international competitiveness, peanut oil and peanut cake are relatively weak international competitiveness; from the main export market situation, the international competitiveness of Chinese peanut products remains strong stable state in Japan, South Korea, and is decreasing in the EU, Russia, ASEAN; judging from the factors, domestic resource costs, prices, productivity have obvious advantages, the quality has certain advantages in, safety and health, national policies have no advantage.Part 4 uses constant market share model principle to build the single market model and the single product model, and measure how to the international competitiveness of Chinese peanut products affect their international trade. The results show that the international competitiveness of Chinese peanut products is decreasing, the growth of its export trade is mainly due to the world market demand scale expansion.Part 5 proposes measures and suggestions to improve the international competitiveness of Chinese peanut products from production efficiency, quality and safety, related industries, national policies 4 aspects, according to affecting factors and evaluation results of the international competitiveness of Chinese peanut products.更多还原