【作者】 樊喜斌；

【导师】 张建国；

【作者基本信息】 中国林业科学研究院 ， 森林培育， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 集体林地是我国林地的重要组成部分,在林地市场流转中占有重要地位,特别是随着我国集体林权制度改革的深入和市场体系的逐渐完善,林地的价值得到了较好的体现,也为集体林地流转提供了有利环境。而集体林地市场流转的有效性是保护林地资源、带动林产业发展、遏制生态环境日益恶化的必要条件。但是长期以来我国存在的土地市场的二元化结构,使得集体林地市场流转存在着产权结构不明晰、市场体系混乱、价格机制无效等问题,问题所导致的直接结果就是集体林地价值得不到体现,集体林地资产难以激活、集体林地资源流失严重,严重破坏了我国的资源环境和生态系统。那么,如何通过有效的手段和政策加快集体林地市场流转的制度改革、缩小国有林地市场和集体林地市场的各方面差异、保护林地资源、优化生态环境就成了当今迫切需要解决的问题。本研究从林地市场流转的国内外研究综述入手,在林权理论的基础上,深入阐述集体林地产权的相关理论,并在此基础上研究林地的市场体系。在对农村集体林地市场体系进行分类的基础上,阐述我国集体林地市场体系的现状和存在的问题。在对集体林地市场进行了系统的阐述后,对林地市场的宏观调控展开研讨,针对目前我国林地市场宏观调控的现状,提出财政政策和金融政策等调控手段存在的问题。最后针对前面的讨论提出完善我国集体林地流转市场的对策建议,为集体林地流转市场的制度、政策、法规等提供理论依据。研究中,以西部的甘肃省、中部的河南省(北方)和湖南省(南方)、东部的浙江省为例进行了调研,收取有效样本共计865份。通过统计分析法、比较分析法、满意度分析法、规范意愿分析法等,着重对我国集体林地流转赖以存在的承包制度、市场体系、宏观调控、完善措施等四方面进行研究,分析了现状和存在问题,并提出对策建议。得出如下结论:(1)林地家庭承包制度是集体林地流转的基础。目前,集体林地流转尚处于发育阶段,流转规模比较小、经营周期比较短、抵御风险能力弱,部分地区的林地承包还不到位,需要深化改革,完善有关承包林地的利益分配机制,国家在多方面予以鼓励和支持。(2)集体林地流转符合林业发展的自然和经济规律,代表广大林农的意愿,尤其是在经济发展水平好、市场发育程度高、林业综合效益体现充分的南方省区,集体林地流转的趋向更加明显,群众意愿更加强烈、流转成效也更加突出,其做法值得肯定。(3)集体林地流转不仅是林地经营管理方式的转变,更需要思想观念、组织管理、行政能力、服务水平等方面的转变,市场前景十分广阔,发展潜力巨大。(4)集体林地流转要以不改变林地性质、不降低林业效益、不减少林农收入为前提。实施生态效益补偿是林地公益性的重要标志,具有明显的导向作用。国家应继续实施该制度,并扩大面积,提高标准,尤其要推行按质论价的补偿机制,并切实做好各项政策落实,降低生产者经营成本和风险。(5)随着现代化建设的加快,集体林地流转的趋向将更趋明显、频度将更加增大、范围将更加广阔,特别是征占林地的问题将更加突出,要通过采取严格审批、提高林地补偿标准等措施,加大征占成本,防止和减缓林地流失,确保《全国林地保护和利用规划纲要》顺利实施。(6)集体林地流转要明晰集体林地流转的各项权利,规范林地产权流转,完善林地市场体系并提高中介和政府服务水平,加强公益性林地市场的宏观调控,重视经营性林地资源的保护,完善林地税收和财政支出,建立林地信用担保体系和贷款风险补偿机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Collective forest land is an important part of our forest land, and state-owned forest land in the forest as the market plays a key role in circulation. As China’s forest market system accelerated the pace of reform, of forest in the value of a better expression of the same time as the state-owned land property right system reform and the market system of gradual improvement, the state-owned forest land onto the market transaction has been gradually standardized way, and under the guidance of national policy toward the healthy development. Relative state-owned forest land, the effective use of collective forest land to the collective forest land market integrity as a precondition. The market turnover of collective forest land to protect forest resources and effectiveness, promote the development of forest industries to curb the deteriorating ecological environment, the necessary conditions. However, our long-standing existence of the dual structure of land markets, makes the existence of collective forest ownership structure of the market turnover is not clear, chaos in the market, the price mechanism is invalid and so on, the problem is caused by direct result of the collective forest land values are not reflected collective forest assets is difficult to activate, the collective loss of forest resources, serious, serious damage to our country’s resources and environment and ecosystems. How, then, through effective measures and policies to speed up the transfer of collective forest land market reforms, reducing state-owned forest land market and the various aspects of collective forest land between the market and protect forest resources.The subject of the transfer of forestland market at home and abroad from Research to start, right in the forest based on the theory, elaborated the theory of collective forest property rights, and on this basis, the market system of forest land. In the rural market system of collective forest land classification based on the collective forest land market system in China described the current situation and existing problems. In the system of collective forest land market after the exposition, the subject stood on the overall height of the market’s macro-control forest land to start discussions on forest land market in China for the current macro regulation and control of the situation, proposed fiscal policy and monetary policy, regulation and control measures exist The problem, described in the collective forest land market, macro-control role of the circulation. Finally, our earlier discussion of a complete set of collective forest land market countermeasures. For collective forest land market system, policies, laws and regulations provide a theoretical basis.Questionnaire is used to do research from peasants at Gansu,Henan,Hunan and Zhejiang provinces. Basing on the 865 pieces of questionnaire,statistical analysis method,comparative analysis method,degree of satisfaction analytic method,standard wish analytic method are used to quantitatively study the collective land circulation.The contracted right is the base of circulation of collective forest land. But there are some problems to be solved to improve market development.Especially it is important to improve and perfect the profit allocation mechanism.The circulation of collective forest land is consistent with the nature of forestry development and economic laws, represents the will of forest farmers, in particular for the south provinces that have a good economic development level, a high degree of market development and excelllent forestry comprehensive benefits, the trend of collective forest land circulation is more obvious, the will of people is more strong and the circulation is more effective, its practice should be affirmed.The circulation of collective forest land is not only to change the way of forest management, but also needs the changes of ideas, organizational management, administrative capacity and service levels, which has a broad market prospect and huge development potential. At present, the circulation of collective forest land is still in the developmental stage, circulation size is relatively small, and has the relatively short operating cycle and the weak ability to withstand risks, which need to be encouraged and supported in many ways.The circulation of collective forest land should not change the forest nature, without reducing the effectiveness of forestry, and foresters are not less income as a precondition. Implementation of forest ecological benefit compensation is an important symbol, with clear guidance role. States should continue to implement the system and expand the area, raise standards, especially the implementation of compensation mechanism which is determined by character, and effectively carry out all policies to reduce operating costs and risks of producers. ?With the acceleration of modernization, the circulation trend of the collective forest land will become more apparent, the frequency will be more big, and the range will be much more extensive, particularly forest land requisition will become more prominent issues. Through strict examination and approval, and increasing the forest land compensation standards and other measures, to increase requisition costs, prevent and mitigate forest loss, the "National Forest Protection and Utilization Plan" could be ensured smoothly.The circulation of collective forest land should clear the rights of collective forest land circulation, make the norms of forest land ownership circulation, improve woodland market system and increase intermediary and government services, enhance the macro control of public forest land market, pay attention to resources protection for the management forest lands, and improve the forest revenue and financial expenditure, establish the credit guarantee system for forest land and loan risk compensation mechanisms.更多还原