【作者】 孙嘏；

【导师】 岳永德；

【作者基本信息】 中国林业科学研究院 ， 生态学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 撑篙竹(Bambusa pervariabilis McClure)是广泛分布于我国华南地区的优良竹种之一,为禾本科(Poaceae)竹亚科(Bambusodeae)多年生常绿植物。其竹叶被《中华本草》、《广西药用植物名录》收载为传统中药。为推进我国丰富竹叶资源的综合利用和促进传统中药的进一步发展,本研究以撑篙竹竹叶为材料,通过95%乙醇冷浸提取、柱层析分离和现代的化学结构鉴定方法,对分离得到的化合物进行了鉴定,主要研究结果如下:1.采集撑篙竹竹叶(广西南宁),利用冷浸提取,经石油醚萃取去除叶绿素,再用AB-8大孔树脂柱层析,分别用20%乙醇、40%乙醇、60%乙醇、80%乙醇和丙酮不同馏分梯度洗脱,对洗脱组分用Sephadex LH-20柱层析、GX–281高压制HPLC系统、Sepacore中低压制备HPLC系统,反复分离纯化,得到30个化合物;通过理化常数测定、化学方法和各种谱学数据(UV、IR、NMR、MS)分析等,鉴定了其中27个化合物,其中包括黄酮类、木脂素类、香豆素、甾醇类、萜类、蒽醌类等天然产物。分别为木犀草素-6-C-阿拉伯糖(1)、芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖苷(2)、木犀草素-6-C-葡萄糖苷(3)、槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷(4)、木犀草素-8-C-葡萄糖苷(5)、木犀草素-5-O-葡萄糖苷(6)、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(7)、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖酸苷(8)、2,3,5,7-四羟基氧二苯甲酮(9)、大黄素甲醚(10)、木犀草素(11)、β-谷甾醇(12)、竹叶木脂素I(13)、竹叶木脂素II(14)、竹叶木脂素III(15)、芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖鼠李糖苷(16)、苜蓿素-7-O-葡萄糖芹糖苷(17)、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(18)、多环三萜类双糖苷(19)、7,2’-二羟基-3’,4’二甲氧基异黄烷-7-O-葡萄糖苷(20)、二萜类化合物(21)、竹叶吡喃取代基香豆素(22)、查耳酮-4-O-葡萄糖-4’-芹糖苷(23)、6-甲氧基-7-葡萄糖氧苷香豆素(24)、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷(25)、7-羟基-4-O-葡萄糖-二氢黄酮苷(26)、芹菜素(27)、槲皮素(28)、7-羟基-6-甲氧基-香豆素(29)、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖芹糖苷(30)。2.首次对撑篙竹竹叶化学成分进行了研究,共得到30种化合物。其中19个黄酮类化合物中,10种是首次从竹亚科分离发现的,包括黄烷类、二氢黄酮类和查耳酮类。其中苜蓿素-7-O-葡萄糖芹糖苷(17)是我们首次发现的新黄酮类化合物。木脂素类化合物过去从未在竹亚科中发现,从撑篙竹叶提取物中分离得到的竹叶木脂素I(13)、竹叶木脂素II(14)是本文首次发现的新的天然产物,为一对拆开的差向异构体,其构型构象的差异主要表现在葡萄糖基取代在手性碳的位置不同,引起化学性质的变化。香豆素类化合物3个,过去均未在竹亚科中见到报道。其中竹叶吡喃取代基香豆素(22)为首次发现的新化合物。萜类、蒽醌类和山酮类化合物在本试验也为首次报道。3.采用气相色谱质谱联用技术,分析了撑篙竹竹叶挥发油的芳香性化学成分,结果表明,竹叶挥发油主要成分有反式-2-己烯醛、叶醇、芳香族类化学成分苯乙醛、2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚和单萜类化学成分β-环柠檬醛、α,β-紫罗兰酮等,共10种具有芳香性的化学成分。通过对这10种化学成分进行峰面积归一化法分析,其中计算出含量最高的化合物为反式-2-己烯醛(37.04%),2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚(33.65%),其中5种单萜类化合物占总含量(22.45%),叶醇(6.76%)。4.通过电感耦合等离子体质谱仪,对撑篙竹竹叶无机离子含量进行了检验和测定,结果表明,含量较高的元素总体趋势为Ca(9085mg·kg-1)>Mg(951.3mg·kg-1)>Fe(227.9mg·kg-1)>Mn(180.3mg·kg-1)>Al(178.7mg·kg-1)>Na(30.60mg·kg-1)>Zn(22.39mg·kg-1)>Cr(12.07 mg·kg-1)>Cu(6.169mg·kg-1)>Ni(5.091mg·kg-1);其余各微量元素含量相对较少,Ca的含量尤为突出,超过文献中报道的18种竹叶的含量,属于高钙竹叶;几种对人体有害的重金属元素,如Cr、As、Cd、Hg、Pb等虽均有检出,经《中国药典》重金属含量限度查询,其含量均可不列入质量标准,因此不必担心重金属离子超标问题。5.对撑篙竹竹叶中含量较大的化学成分进行了单体化合物抗肿瘤的筛选和IC50值的测定。3种黄酮类化合物即芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素-6-C-葡萄糖苷和木犀草素-6-C-阿拉伯糖苷,对结肠癌(HCT-8)、肺癌(A-549)、上皮样肝癌(Bel-7402)3种肿瘤细胞抑制效果的初筛结果表明,3种黄酮苷对肺癌(A-549)肿瘤细胞有一定的抑制作用,抑制效果最好的为木犀草素-6-C-阿拉伯糖苷,在样品浓度为50mg·L-1时,抑制率达到61.79%,远高于其他两种黄酮。对木犀草素-6-C-阿拉伯糖苷抑制肺癌(A-549)肿瘤细胞的复筛试验中可以看出,随着样品浓度的增加,其肿瘤细胞的抑制率也随着增加。木犀草素-6-C-阿拉伯糖苷抑制肺癌(A-549)肿瘤细胞的IC50值为20.74mg·L-1,说明木犀草素-6-C-阿拉伯糖苷对肺癌(A-549)肿瘤细胞有较好的抑制效果。本文研究结果表明撑篙竹竹叶中含有多种生物活性成分,在食品添加剂及研发新的抗肿瘤药物方面具有开发潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bambusa pervariabilis McClure is one of very useful bamboo species widely distributed in South China. Synonym:YouZhu, BaimeiZhu, HuameiZhu. The bamboo-leaf was collected relevant for traditional Chinese medicine by "Chinese Materia Medica" and "Guangxi Medicinal Plants". To promote China’s abundant bamboo resources and the comprehensive development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine, The research of Bambusa pervariabilis McClure as material, through the traditional extraction and modern methods about identification of chemical separation methods, the compounds isolated the identification of the specific findings are as follows:(1) Extracting compounds from Bambusa pervariabilis McClure leaves with 95% ethanol cold soak extract method. Extraction was purified by AB-8 macroporous absorption resin. Then 20% ethanol, 40% ethanol, 60% ethanol, 80% ethanol and acetine eluted respectively. The elution were isolated by Sephadex LH-20, GX-281 High Voltage HPLC Separate system and Sepacore low-pressure HPLC Separate system. 30 compounds were isolated from Bambusa pervariabilis McClure. On the basis of physic-chemical characters and spectroscopic analysis such as UV IR, NMR and MS, 30 compounds were identified as: 5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy-6-C-β-L-arabinosyl flavonoside(1), 5,7,4’-trihydroxy-6-C-β-D-glucop-yranosyl flavonoside(2), 5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy-6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside(3), 5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy-3-O-α-L-rhamnosyl flavonoside(4), 5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy-8-C-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl flavonoside(5), 5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy-5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside(6), 5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside(7), 5,4’-dihydroxy-7-O-β-D-gluco-se-anhydridosyl flavonoside(8), 2,3,5,7-trihydroxy-xanthone(9), physcion(10), 5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy flavonoside(11), Sitosterol(12), Bamboo lignan I(13), Bamboo lignan II(14), Ba-mboo lignan III(15), 5,7,4’-trihydroxy-8-C-β-D-glucose-α-L-rhamnosyl flavonoside(16), 5,4’-dihydroxy-3’,5’-dimethoxy-7-O[β-D-apiose-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside(17), 5,7,4’-trihydroxy-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside(18), Triperpenoids(19), 7,2’-dihydro-xy-3’,4’-dimethylisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(20), 7,8-Dihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H -pyran-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one(22), 2’-hydroxy-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4’-O-β-D-api-osyl hydroxychalcone(23), 6-methoxy-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-chromen(24), 5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy-3-O-β-L-glucopyranosyl flavonoside(25), 7-hydroxy-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl flav-anone(26), 5,7,4’-trihydroxy-flavonoside(27), 3,5,7,3’,4’-polyhydroxy flavonoside(28),7-hy-droxy-6-methoxy-chromen(29), 5,4’-trihydroxy-7-O-[β-D-apiose-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside(30).(2) By various chromatographic methods, which belong to flavonids, coumarin, lignans, Anthraquinones, Xanthones, Sterols, Triperpenoids and so on. Of which 19 flavonoids, 10 species were first isolated from bamboos found, including the flavanol, flavonone, chalcone. 5,4’-dihydroxy-3’,5’-dimethoxy-7-O[β-D-apiose-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside is the first discovery of the new flavonoids. Lignan compounds in the past has never been found in Bambusoideae. Lignan compounds 13 and 14 were epimers which conformation differences mainly in the glucose-substituted chiral carbon in different positions, so causing chemical changes in the nature. Coumarin compounds had not seen reports in Bambusoideae in the past, the 7,8-Dihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one is discovered a new compound for the first time. All the 30 compounds were firstly isolated from Bambusa pervariabilis McClure.(3) According to The People’s Republic of China Pharmacopoeia (2005 edition), the standard method of extracting essential oil stays bamboo pole bamboo. In order to prevent loss of volatile components of which, gathering, dried, crushed, extracted in 7 days. Analysis of chemical composition of Bambusa pervariabilis McClure leaves by GC-MC results show that the major components of volatile oil bamboo leaves areβ-2-Hexenal, Cis-3-Hexenol, aromatic chemical constituents ofα-toluic aldehyde, 2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol and terpenoid chemical composition of single-loopβ-citral,α,β-ionone and so on, with a total of 10 kinds of aromatic chemicals. Through the chemical composition of these 10 peak area normalization method analysis, which simulate the highest concentration of compoundβ-2-Hexenal (37.04%), 2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol (33.65%), of which five kinds of terpenoids total content (22.45%), leaf alcohol (6.76%).(4) Of this study are 18 kinds of inorganic elements in the situation, in which elements with higher levels of overall trends in Ca(9085mg·kg-1); Mg(951.3mg·kg-1); Fe(227.9mg·kg-1); Mn(180.3mg·kg-1); Al(178.7mg·kg-1); Na(30.60 mg·kg-1); Zn(22.39 mg·kg-1); Cr(12.07mg·kg-1); Cu(6.169mg·kg-1); Ni(5.091mg·kg-1); remaining relatively low content of trace elements, Ca content was particularly prominent in the literature reported in more than 18 kinds of bamboo leaves content, belong to calcium bamboo leaves; Several pairs of harmful heavy metal elements, such as Cr, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, etc. are detected while, but its content is relatively low, taking into account Bambusa pervariabilisMcClure leaves as a decoction after boiling the leaching rate, so don’t worry about the problem of heavy metal ions exceeded.(5) This study is based Bambusa pervariabilis McClure leaves isolated the three kinds of flavonoid compounds: apigenin-6-C-glucoside, luteolin-6-C-glucoside, and luteolin-6-C- arabinoside, inhibit of colon cancer tumor cell(HCT-8), lung tumor cell(A-549), epithelial-like liver cancer tumor cell(Bel-7402), inhibitory effect of screening can be seen: Three kinds of flavonoid compounds have a certain inhibitory effect in lung tumor cell(A-549). Its the best for the inhibitory effect of luteolin-6-C-arabinoside, the sample concentration of 50mg·L-1, its inhibitory rate reached 61.79 %, far higher than the other two flavonoids. Luteolin-6-C- arabinoside showed a better inhibition of tumor cell growth activity. Pairs of luteolin-6-C- arabinoside inhibition of lung cancer(A-549) tumor cells re-screening test can be seen that with increasing concentration of the sample, Luteolin-6-C-arabinoside inhibition of lung cancer tumor cell(A-549) IC50 value of 20.74mg·L-1, indicating luteolin-6-C-arabinoside to lung tumor cell (A-549) have a certain inhibitory effect.更多还原