【作者】 王亚欣；

【导师】 鞠洪波；

【作者基本信息】 中国林业科学研究院 ， 森林经理学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 随着时代与技术的发展,森林与湿地资源监测,已经逐渐过渡到多资源、多功能的监测,再发展到与林业可持续发展相适应的森林与湿地资源综合监测。森林与湿地资源综合监测数据反应森林与湿地资源的数量、质量以及相关生态系统的发展变化趋势,是全面掌握森林、湿地与生态状况变化的有效手段。综合监测产生的成果是林业科学发展重要的决策依据,也是实施林业可持续发展、评价重点林业工程和生态建设成效、提升林业经营管理水平等的基础信息。由于目前森林资源监测、湿地资源监测等各项监测相对独立,难以发挥综合效果。并且,现有的各项监测无法满足客观地评价我国林业建设成效以及生态状况变化情况,并预测其发展趋势的需求。同时,与国际上开展森林资源监测及相关领域监测的先进国家相比,我国的森林资源与湿地监测在组织管理、队伍建设、工作保障以及信息的准确性、时效性、综合性和信息的管理、使用等方面都存在着差距。本研究通过分析森林与湿地资源综合监测体系基本内涵,研究国内外相关的综合监测体系的建设思路,归纳和总结我国目前森林与湿地资源监测体系的应用现状和热点问题。从理论上、技术上、内容上、方法上探讨了我国森林与湿地资源综合监测的集成建设思路,提出了集成建设的重点内容,在方法上提出了以标准的规范和建设为核心的森林与湿地资源综合监测集成总体思路。基于3S、PDA、网络、数据库等技术,在构建统一的森林与湿地资源综合监测集成平台的基础上,整合和集成森林资源、湿地、森林灾害和重点林业工程各种监测与评价技术及专项系统,实现森林资源、湿地、森林灾害、重点林业工程监测技术、数据、模型的统一存储、管理和系统的集成运行。本研究主要涉及以下内容:(1)本研究通过对现有林业及相关标准进行分析,建立森林资源与湿地资源综合监测集成标准体系,作为森林与湿地资源综合集成的标准与规范,包括元数据标准、数据集成标准、系统集成标准及综合服务标准。(2)数据集成是森林与湿地资源综合监测数据库的支撑,是信息系统的基础。本研究使用空间数据引擎技术结合对象关系数据库建立统一的数据模型和统一的数据库管理系统,打破森林与湿地资源数据固有的管理模式和界限,实现多源森林与湿地资源数据集成,为森林与湿地资源数据的共享提供参考。数据组织使用面向主题的组织方式,分公共基础数据和各种专题数据,公共基础数据可以为各业务部门所共享。(3)技术集成是森林与湿地资源综合系统集成的基础。森林与湿地资源综合监测技术集成中,最主要的是GIS,GPS,RS的集成,3S技术及其集成是数字林业实现的关键。本研究中将3S、PDA、数据库、可视化建模等技术集成应用到森林与湿地资源监测、管理、评价等各个环节,形成一体化的森林与湿地资源综合监测体系。(4)功能集成是系统集成的目标和灵魂。本研究通过对林业各专业系统的功能进行分析,抽取出各专业系统的公共功能、模型与算法等。在分析总结各种集成方式的基础上,在现代软件开发技术的支撑下,提出了基于构件技术的的集成思想:地理信息系统功能使用北京超图公司的类库进行开发,和业务相关的专业功能使用插件的方式按照一定的规范集成到系统中,克服了以往系统的开放性、可扩充性、维护性、重组合能力、较差的缺点。(5)研究面向应用主题的多目标监测技术和综合服务技术,使用Web服务和可视化方式为森林资源、湿地、森林灾害和重点林业工程监测和管理提供共享、分析等服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the times and technology development, forest and wetlands resources monitoring has been a gradual transition to more resources, multi-function monitoring, and further development to adapt to sustainable development of forestry and forest resources, and Integrated monitoring of wetlands. Forest and wetlands resources Integrated monitoring data indicate the development trend of wetlands resource quantity, quality and that of other related ecosystems; furthermore, these data can be given an effective way to study on forest, wetlands and variations of ecological conditions. The results of Integrated monitoring are important bases of the development of forestry science, and give some basic information for sustainable forestry development, evaluation of key forestry ecological construction projects and forest management.The resultant effect was hard to exert because of the relatively independence of monitoring of forest, wetlands resources and other ecosystems each other; in addition, the results of forestry development and ecological variation could not be evaluated objectively by existing monitoring data, and development trend could not be forecasted. Compared to other nations that used more advanced monitoring technologies, in our country, more technologies were still backward, for example, organization, management and veracity of monitoring data and so on. According to the analysis of the basic meanings of forest and wetlands resources, and then studied on Integrated monitoring system our country and abroad, and summarized the current situations and key problems of forest and wetlands resource monitoring technology of China. The trains of thought of integration of forest and wetland resources Integrated monitoring were discussed in theory, technology, content and method level, and the key elements of Integrated construction were put forward; and moreover, the integration of forest and wetland resources Integrated monitoring based on standard specification and construction was conceived. Based on 3S, PDA, Network, Database and other technologies, built the platform of integration of forest and wetland resources Integrated monitoring, and furthermore, integrated with forest resources, wetlands, forest disaster, and key forestry projects of various monitoring and evaluation of technology and special systems, and achieve forest resources, wetlands, forest disasters, monitoring of key forestry projects, data, models of unified storage, management and system integrated running sequentially. This study involves the following:(1) According to the analysis of existing forestry and related standards, building forest and wetlands resources Integrated monitoring integrated standards, as forest and wetland resources Integrated integration standard specification, including metadata standards, data integration standards, systems integration standards and integrated services standards.(2) Data integration supported the database of forest and wetland resources Integrated monitoring which is the basis of information systems. Our study used spatial data engine technology combined with object-relational database to establish an unified data model and an unified database management system, to break out inherent management and boundaries of forest and wetland resources data, to achieve multi-source forest and wetland resources data integration, as the foundation of forests and wetlands for sharing. Data organization is organized by application subject, divided the public data and various special data, public data can be shared for all business sectors.(3) Technology integration is the base of system integration of forest resources. In the Integrated monitoring of forest resources of technology integration, the most important part is integration of GIS, GPS, RS, 3S technology and its integration are the key to realization of digital forestry. Applied 3S, PDA, database, integration of visual modeling techniques to forest and wetland resources monitoring, management, evaluation and other aspects, and formed integrated monitoring system.(4) Function integration is the goal and soul of system integration. According to analysis the function of the system of forestry, extracting public functions, models and algorithms from the professional systems. On the basic of analysis of different kinds of integration methods, in support of modern software development techniques, proposed component-based technology integration ideas: geographic information system functions used Beijing Chaotu company’s library and developed, business-related professional feature in accordance with certain specifications into the system by plug-in manner, overcome the disadvantages such as openness, scalability, maintainability, recombination capacity of old system.(5) Faced to application subject of multiple targets monitoring technology and integrated service technology, and used Web services and visualization methods for forest resources, wetlands, forests disaster and monitoring and evaluation of main forestry projects to supply sharing and analysis services.更多还原