【作者】 张利梅；

【导师】 马向东； 张增志；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学（北京） ， 机械设计及理论， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 针对荒漠化地区以及干旱半干旱地区水分稀缺植物难以成活的难题,本论文研制了一种可传导水分的导水涂层材料。利用X射线、红外光谱、热分析、扫描电镜、环境扫描电镜等方法表征了材料的结构、吸—脱附水特性、微观结构形貌,测定了材料的导水性能参数,建立了材料水分传导方程,提出了材料内部水分运移机制。微观结构结果表明导水涂层材料蒙脱石颗粒黏附在聚丙烯酰胺官能团上受其溶胀和收缩作用的支配,材料遇水聚丙烯酰胺溶胀,蒙脱石颗粒断桥,材料脱水,聚丙烯酰胺收缩,蒙脱石颗粒桥接。提出了材料的导水机制：材料遇水一端,水势高,蒙脱石颗粒断桥,水分由聚丙烯酰胺传导,水势低的一端蒙脱石颗粒桥接,层间结构形成顺畅的导水通道,水分经由蒙脱石颗粒层间传导,形成了高水势到低水势能垒不一致导致的水势梯度差,水分从高水势向低水势传导。建立了材料组分和合理土壤湿度之间的对应关系,当土壤湿度低于材料自身水势,材料加快导水,土壤湿度高于材料自身水势,材料导水减慢或者停止,使土壤湿度维持在适宜植物生长的合理范围。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis proposes a coat composite which conducts water controlly aiming at the problem that plants can’t survive in desertification area and the arid-semiarid region because of water shortage. The microstructure, the water absorption and desorption, the water-conduction properties were measured and analyzed by X ray spectrometer, infrared spectra (IF), thermoanalysis data and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The water conduction modellings were built and solved. The results show that Montmorillonite particles are adhered to the functional groups of Polyacrylamide and dominated by these groups, which is that Montmorillonite particles are separated or linked by swelling and shrinkage of Polyacrylamide. The water-conduction mechanism is that the high water potential is formed by the swelling of Polyacrylamide at the end that contacts with water, the low water potential is formed by the linkage of Montmorillonite particles at the unswelling end. Water is conducted in swelling Polyacrylamide at the end with high water potential and in the interlamellar of Montmorillonite particles with low water potential. The water potential of the coat corresponding to the soil moisture which fits the growth of plants is determined when the component of the coat is designed. When the soil moisture is lower than the water potential of the coat, the water-conduction velocity increases, or, the velocity decreases, which leads to a fitting siol moisture to guarantee the growth of plants.更多还原