【作者】 覃雪梅；

【导师】 陈庆德；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 中国少数民族经济， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 本文基于云南大学在2000年和2003年组织完成的中国民族村寨调查资料,并结合相关的民族村寨研究资料以及第一手田野资料,对中国少数民族村寨经济当代变迁的基础、原因、动力、特征、途径进行了探讨。在60年的发展过程中,中国少数民族村寨经济经历了从多元异质向整齐划一整合,又从僵化缺乏生机的统一模式走向多样化发展道路的艰难历程。无论是前后哪一个阶段,民族村寨经济的变迁和转型都与整个国家的社会、政治、经济的发展变迁紧密相关。中国历史悠久、民族多样、边疆社会形态各异。民族村寨经济发展程度差异极大。这是当地民族村寨社会经济发展的基础性和制约性因素。从当代民族村寨经济变迁的因素看,资源约束力、群体性社会危机意识、个体性生活压力等是内源性民族村寨经济变迁的因素和动力,政治领域的制度变革、国家政策的倾斜、市场化和全球化、资源配置等方面是民族村寨经济变迁的外源性动力。少数民族村寨经济的当代变迁具有多重特征的,这些特征可以从历史性、结构性和关联性等几个方面理解。20世纪50～80年代初期,中国民族村寨的经济转型过程主要是在生产关系变革的引导下展开的,是以重构自由小生产的个体私有制为起点的,以确立村寨土地公有制为最终结果的。自20世纪80年代以来经济转型是从确保共同利益的基点转移到确认个体利益重要性的基点上;从生产关系变革主旋律转变到以利益诱导而牵引的经营方式和技术组合的变化以及市场参与的主流上;经济转型的主体行为,也从整体性的转型转变为个体行为的选择。在这半个世纪历程中所发生的经济转型,使中国民族村寨以渔猎采集经济、畜牧经济和农耕经济三大经济类型为主的基本结构状态得到了具有重要意义的改变。从民族村寨所取得实质性发展来看,改革开放以来的三十年是最有成效的。无论是从生产力水平的提高、社会交往活动的扩大、发展模式的转变,还是人民生活的改善来说,都是如此。概而言之,中国民族村寨在改革开发之后变迁主要受社会制度体系改变的影响。市场化路径使得村寨经济活动更加活跃,形式更加多样化,另一个非常重要的路径则表现为现代市场条件下民族文化的开发运用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the investigation data of Chinese ethnic villages which organized and completed by Yunnan University in 2000 and 2003, and consulting some relevant study data of ethnic villages as well as some first-hand field study data, this paper explores the foundation, cause, motive force, feature and approach of the contemporary economic transition of Chinese ethnic villages. During the 60 years’developing process, the economy of Chinese ethnic villages experiences a tough progress which changed from multiform economic pattern to an integrated one and then transferred the ossified integrated pattern into a diversified developing route. No matter which part it belongs to, the change and transformation of the economy of ethnic villages totally relies on the development of the society, politics and economy of the whole country.China has a long history, and possesses diversified ethnic minorities and different forms of society in borderland. Meanwhile, different villages perform differently on the economic development. All these constitute the foundation and limitation of the economic development of the ethnic villages.After analyzing the transition of contemporary ethnic villages, it concludes that limited resource, social crisis consciousness and individual living pressure are the internal factors and driving force of the economic transition of ethnic villages; the change of political institution, the favour of state policy, market-oriented development, globalization and the allocation of resources are the external motive force.Contemporary economic transition of ethnic villages takes on the form of multiple characteristics, and these characteristics can be understood through its history, structure, relevance, etc. From 1950s to the early years of 1980s, the economic transformation of Chinese ethnic villages was mainly under the guide of the reformation of relations of production, which started from the restructuring of private economy and finally ended with the establishment of public economy. After 1980s, economic transformation transferred to acknowledge the importance of individual interest more than the common interest; to change the main trend of reforming relations of production to profit-oriented operation, technical combination and market participation; man’s behavior never appeared as the transformation of the whole group but as the reasonable individual choice. Chinese ethnic villages whose basic economic structure consist of fishing, hunting, collecting, animal husbandry and farming has gained a great change during these 50 years’economic transformation.With reference to the essence of the development of ethnic villages, the 30 years since the Reform and Opening Policy has been the period on which ethnic villages achieve much more effective development. The achievements cover many fields including the improvement of productivity, the enlargement of social contact, the transition of developing pattern and the improvement of people’s life. In a word, since the Reform and Opening Policy, the transition ofChinese ethnic villages has been mainly influenced by the change of social institution, and the economic activities of ethnic villages become more lively and diversified with the general adoption of the market principle; what’s more, the commercialization of ethnic culture which under the condition of modern market presents as an additional important way to develop ethnic economy.更多还原