法律诉讼中的博弈

【作者】 李晟赟；

【导师】 包智明；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 民族社会学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 在当前强大的依法治国主流语境下,理论上讲,若司法机关严格遵循法律面前人人平等原则,坚持依法办事,应该会得到社会各方的支持和赞扬,失范的社会关系会得到修复。然而,本研究以四起已经发生的法律事件为引子,打破了上述依法治理的美好神话。四起法律事件共同的特点是司法机关依法办事不但没有得到当事人的赞扬,反而引发了激烈的群体性事件,这用法学家所通常认为的西方移植来的法律在乡土中国水土不服、司法腐败等理由难以做出充分解释。在思索这一反常现象产生的原因过程中,本研究捕捉到了我国的法律运作随着断裂社会的到来而产生了特殊的运作方式。进而意识到,法律关系本身就是形形色色社会关系的一种,透过法律关系来研究社会关系十分有意义。带着问题意识,本研究以布迪厄的场域理论为分析框架,采用孙立平等人提出的过程——事件分析法,从动态角度研究法律诉讼这一社会实践。选取了一起种植酿酒葡萄的订单农业案件,详细描述了随着诉讼阶段向前不断发展过程中各种力量的卷入与博弈,微观地分析了各方行动者的惯习、资本与博弈策略之间的紧密因果关系以及法律的运作形态。本文共分为六章：第一章：介绍了本研究问题的缘起及研究的意义,界定了相关的核心概念。通过对文献的综述及学术脉络的把握,发现了以往对于诉讼研究的亮点与不足。明确了本文的分析框架,介绍了研究方法与具体资料获得的方法,所涉及的社区概况以及田野工作的切入。第二章：论述了案件的起因,相关的利益各方在进入法院诉讼前,在法治的名义下,展开了激烈的利益争夺。这是一场诉讼大战的前奏,为后文作铺垫。第三章：是本文的重点部分。按照事件的发展进程,本章主要考察了该民事案件进入法律场域的经过及法庭审理情况。原告、被告和法院三方都主要是遵循法律场域内特定的逻辑规则运用制度资本来进行诉讼博弈。第四章：也是本文的重点部分。本章考察了调解阶段原告、被告以及基层法院的博弈策略。分析了三方都充分利用断裂社会里自身能够调动的社会资本,重点采用了非法律技术进行了一场全方位的博弈。其策略看似违背法理,充满了断裂、错位、变异、谋略、偶然性,权力的争斗无处不在,最终却完成了调解目的。第五章：仍然是本文的重点部分。经历了千辛万苦,原告终于迎来了姗姗来迟的民事调解书,但是被告酒厂仍然采取种种策略拒不执行调解协议事项。本章考察了在后司法时期具体执行法律文书过程中各方社会力量的复杂博弈。第六章：通过前文的分析,洞察到了这起订单农业纠纷案件更为深刻的社会学意义,得出了主要研究结论。进一步揭示了当今司法陷入两面性生存之道的状态,探讨了其形成的原因以及矛盾的解决之道。本研究认为,在当前断裂社会背景下,法律的运作也具有“断裂”性,它使得权宜性、中间性的社会秩序得以形成和维持,是催生新的社会阶层结构的动力之一；它促使诉讼的过程发生改变,由追求法律真理的过程转变为行动者根据特定场域的权力结构进行策略选择和权力博弈的法律技术实践过程。行动者在社会网络结构中的位置决定了他所拥有的资本和诉讼博弈能力,进而决定了其博弈策略的选择与使用；断裂社会的背景使得政治博弈技术在法律场域中具有较好的效果；法律是社会整合必不可少的工具,但眼前未必是适应断裂社会整合需要的最契合最现实的工具。断裂社会要完成社会整合,需要综合运用多种社会整合手段。本研究尝试克服以往法学研究传统思路中形式主义与工具主义对立的缺陷,努力实现制度与行动的双重融合。认为以往用社会“转型时期”这一过于笼统的大概念研究法律现象不够充分,应当更精细地区分改革开放初期和上世纪九十年代中期以来社会转型不同阶段法律运作状况的差异。提出了“法律断裂运作”这一核心概念,认为应该全面认识它的作用。它固然有诸多缺陷,但也是一个极富弹性和张力的结构,囊括了相当丰富的制度选择与实践运作,能够迅速满足社会转型时期不同利益主体对法律不同功能的实际需求,是催生新的社会阶层结构的动力之一,在较大程度上发挥了法律的社会整合功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the strong mainstream words to administer a country according to law, as long as the judicial authority strictly follow the principle of equality before the law and resolutely act in accordance with the law, theoretically they should gain wholehearted support of the community, so anomie of the social relations will be repaired. However, the study with four legal incidents that have occurred as a primer broke the myth of the good governance according to law. The common feature of the four legal cases is that the judicial departments handled cases according to the law have not been praised by the parties, but triggered much fierce mass incidents, which difficult to make a full explanation on the reasons by the usage of Jurists generally considered the West transplanted laws in the Rural China acclimatized or judicial corruption. In the process of thinking about the causes of this abnormal phenomenon, this study keenly captured the special operation of law in our country as the arrival of the cleavage social. And realized that all kinds of legal relations itself are a kind of social relations. It is a very meaningful way to study the social relations though the legal relationship.With the awareness of problems, this study conducted Bourdieu’s Field theory as the analytical framework, using the process/the event proposed by Sun Loping, from a dynamic perspective study social practice, along with selected an agriculture cases of orders for wine grapes plant in, gave a detailed analysis of the causation about the habuts, the capital and the game strategy between various actors with the process of continuous development of the various forces involved with the game. This paper consists of six chapters:ChapterⅠ:Introducing on putting forth the problem and the significance, defining the core concepts related to this article. Through literature review and academic context of certainty found that previous studies for the lawsuit highlights and shortcomings. Clear a research framework in this paper, introducing the research methods and ways to obtain specific information. Describing in detail in this study involved a community profile, as well as the entry point field work.Chapter II:Describing the cause of the key case and the relevant parties engaged in fierce competing interests in the name of the rule of law before entering the court proceedings. This is a prelude to war action, in order to pave the way later in.Chapter III:It is one of the key sections in the paper. Determined by the development process, this chapter mainly to study access to the courts of the civil lawsuit tries to in-depth grasp the law in the Field of both sides’tripartite process and strategy game. All three parties are primarily to follow the logical rules in the law field within a particular capital system to conduct litigation game.ChapterⅣ:It is also a key part of this article. This chapter studied the game strategy of the defendants and the mediation stage of grass-roots court. The three parties make full use of their own social capital what they can mobilize in cleavage social, focusing on using in a non-legal technology all-round game. The strategy appeared to violate the law, which is full of fracture, dislocation, variations, strategy, chance; the power struggle everywhere, eventually completed the mediation purposes.ChapterⅤ:It is still the focus of this paper. Experienced untold hardships, farmers finally ushered in the late civil mediation. But the winery still refuses to implement the decisions taken by the court. During the course of the post-justice the practical implementation of legal instruments are still full of complex game.Chapter VI:The last part of this paper insight into this dispute cases more profound sociological significance through the preceding analysis, finally reached the major research findings The study further revealed that the judiciary have fell into a survival state adhere to dual nature today, and analyze the causes.This study suggests that the operation of law also has cleavage nature in the current cleavage social, which allows expedient order can be formed and maintained. It is one of the engines which can bring urgent a new social stratum structure of; cleavage law promote the litigation process to change from the proceedings pursuit of truth into the process of the strategy selection for practice game and legal technology which law action actors conducted based on the specifically power structure and authority in Field. The location of actors in the social network structure determines his capital game and litigation capabilities, thus determine its game strategy selection and operation; the background of cleavage social makes the political game technology in the legal field has a good effect; The law is an indispensable tool for social integration, but at present it is seemed not the most suitable and realistic tool for the social integration to adapt to the immediate needs. Fracture community to achieve social integration, need for a comprehensive use of various means of social integration.The study try to overcome the opposition between the law formalism and the instrumentalism in traditional ideas, achieved a double integration of systems and operations. The paper also think that the "social transition" is a too vague concept, it should be more refined distinction between the first reform and the last century since the mid-stages of social transformation in different periods shown by the operation of the different legal status. Proposed a core concept of the cleavage law operation which is an extremely flexible and expandable structure, encompassing a rich system of choice and practice of operation, can quickly satisfy the different interests. It is one of the engines of the birth of a new social stratum structure. All of this provided a greater extent space for the formation of the new social relations; make the best of the function of the law on social integration.更多还原