新时期完善发展民族区域自治制度研究

【作者】 杨忠国；

【导师】 青觉；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 民族政治学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 本文的研究目的是通过对民族区域自治制度的理论研究和宁夏回族自治区实施民族区域自治制度的实践研究,力图从民族政治学的角度研究新时期完善发展民族区域自治制度的诸多问题,并以宁夏回族自治区为例,比较全面地考察了民族区域自治制度的历史价值和时代意义,试图用历史的、逻辑的视角来论析新时期如何完善和发展民族区域自治制度。论文的研究意义主要表现在如下几点：1.民族区域自治作为一个极其重要的政治现象,是民族政治学研究的重要对象,因此研究民族区域自治领域的问题具有学理意义。2.民族区域自治制度是解决我国民族问题的伟大创举,研究其独创性具有重大的理论意义。3.民族区域自治制度具有巨大优越性和旺盛生命力,揭示其发展规律具有重大的现实意义。4.民族区域自治制度是中国共产党领导人民将马克思主义普遍原理与中国实际相结合的产物,考察其在宁夏的发生、发展,具有重大的启示意义。本文将历史研究法、文献研究法、系统分析法、实证分析法和综合分析法相结合,在科学严谨的状态中展开论述。导论部分主要简述本选题的缘起、研究意义、研究的相关动态和本文主要的研究方法等,由此奠定科学的学理基础。第一章主要研究我国新时期民族区域自治制度的发展历程。民族区域自治制度是中国共产党把马克思主义基本原理与中国实际国情相结合解决我国民族问题的基本政策,是国家的一项基本政治制度。实行民族区域自治体现了民族因素与区域因素、政治因素与经济因素、历史因素与现实因素的统一性,体现了党和政府一贯坚持的国家统一原则、团结原则、平等原则和民主法制原则的一致性。新时期民族区域自治制度大体经历了恢复、调整和快速推进三个发展阶段。实践经验证明,采用民族区域自治制度来解决中国的民族问题,是符合中国国情和实现各民族共同繁荣的正确选择。第二章主要以宁夏建立回族自治区的历史考察为主线,对宁夏回族的渊源与发展、回族的民族特征、回族自治政权的建立、宁夏回族自治区政府的成立等方面进行具体深入的研究论证,阐述了宁夏回族的发展历程和民族区域自治制度在宁夏的建立与发展。宁夏豫海县回民自治政府作为我们党领导的第一个民族区域自治地方和第一个回族县级自治政权,为我党解决民族问题积累了经验,成为民族区域自治制度的最早范式。第三章主要研究新时期民族区域自治制度在宁夏的实践,重点分析实施的主要政策、成效和基本经验。宁夏自治区党委、政府以党和国家的民族区域自治制度为准绳,因地制宜,制定并实施了一系列切实可行的民族区域自治政策,维护了宁夏的安定团结和繁荣发展,促进了各民族和睦相处、和衷共济、和谐发展,积累了丰富的民族区域自治经验。第四章以宁夏的发展实践为例,分析研究新时期民族区域自治制度的发展所面临的主要问题。区域经济发展不平衡依然是阻碍民族区域自治制度发展的根本,民族文化教育的相对落后严重制约着民族地区人民群众文化权力的实现和文化生产力的根本解放,而民族区域自治制度的不健全又成为民族地区经济社会发展的体制性障碍,伴随着社会的发展,宗教和政治的张力和冲突日益突显,那么,如何使以上问题实现统一性和多元性的协调成为了关键。第五章通过对民族区域自治制度的实践和分析,提出了完善发展民族区域自治制度的政策建议。即进一步推进社会主义民主政治建设,巩固和发展和谐民族关系,充分落实民族自治地方的自治权,深入广泛开展党的民族理论和民族政策教育,加强社会主义先进文化和民族文化建设,大力发展少数民族地区教育事业,加强少数民族地区干部队伍建设等。通过理论研究和个案分析,最后得出的结论是：实行民族区域自治制度,是尊重历史、符合中国国情、符合各民族根本利益,必须毫不动摇地坚持；在实践中,必须与时俱进,不断完善民族区域自治制度,为我国经济社会发展发挥更大的作用。全文将宏观考察和微观解析相结合,不仅在研究方法上有所创新,而且文中的学术观点也不乏创新性,主要体现在：1.个案分析与理论分析相结合,定量研究与定性研究相结合,以宁夏回族自治区民族区域自治制度的完善和发展为例,对民族区域自治制度的理论和实践进行了深入的研究和阐释。2.完善和发展民族区域自治制度必须进一步健全相应的法律法规体系,建立一套切实可行的监督机制,形成一个良性循环。3.完善和发展民族区域自治制度必须结合民族地区的实际状况,将原则性与灵活性相结合,以动态的眼光丰富和充实民族区域自治制度的内容。4.完善和发展民族区域自治制度必须落实到经济发展上,以健全的民族区域自治制度促进经济发展,以经济发展促进民族区域自治制度的优化。5.将民族区域自治制度与各民族共治相结合,这既是学术问题,也是民族区域自治制度发展的政治性问题,我们必须应对所面临的挑战性思想。要之,宁夏回族自治区贯彻实施民族区域自治制度,不仅是民主政治建设的需要,也是我国这样一个多民族国家政治秩序有序发展、良性运行的需要。完善和发展民族区域自治制度必定增强各族人民对中华民族的认同感和归属感。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on studying in theory of system of regional ethnic autonomy and system practice in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,the purpose of the thesis is to study some topics on imprving system of regional ethnic autonomy in new period from the view of ethnic politics.Meanwhile, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was taken as the instant. After roundly studied historic value and times significince of system of regional ethnic autonomy, I try to give some proposal about how to improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy from historical and logistic view.Significance of the thesis can be listed as follows.one, as a very important political phenomenon, regional ethnic autonomy is vital study object of ethnic politics, study is has doctrinal value. Two, system of regional ethnic autonomy is a great pioneering work for sovling ethnic minorities issues, study on it has fatal theoretic value. Three, system of regional ethnic autonomy has remarkble dominance and power, to study it owns major and immediate significance. Four, the system is the product of Universal truth of Marxism combine with China’s realities got by chinese people under the lead of the CCP, Investigating its occurrence, development, in Ningxia, has great instructive value.Study methods such as historical method, literature search, system analysis method, theoretical and empirical analysis are employed in the thesis, discussion is expanded in scientific and rigorous state.In the part of introduction, the main contents are simple discussion on the reason and significince of the thesis, correlated study situation, the main study methods and to settle the scientific theory base.In first chapter, the main words focus on the dvelopment course of system of regional ethnic autonomy in new period. The system is the policy to sovle the ethnic minority issue of China and it is formed through the CCP integrating the fundamental principle of Maxism with the practical condition of China, it is also one fundamental politic system of the state.Carrying out regional ethnic autonomy shows consonant of national factors and regional factors, political factors and economic factors, historical factors and real factors, shows the oneness of the principles of unification of the motherland, solidarity, equality and democracy and the rule of law which insisted by the party and the government. The system of regional ethnic autonomy in new period has grossly passed recover stage, metamorphosis stage and rapid impel stage. It is certified by the practice employing the system of regional ethnic autonomy to sovle the ethnic minority issue of China is correct choose, complying with chinese condition, to realizeethnic groupco-prosperity.The second chapter starts study with the history of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. It includes origin source and development of Hui in Ningxia, ethnic characters of Hui, building about self-government of Hui and the government of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, it elaborates on the development course of Hui of Ningxia and the building and development of system of regional ethnic autonomy in Ningxia. Especially, leaded by the CCP, Yuhai Hui autonomy government was established, and it is the first national autonomous area, is the first autonomous county og Hui. Meanwhile it lays a strong foundation to solve ethnic minority issue for the CCP.The third chapter focuses on the practiceof the system of regional ethnic autonomy in Ningxia, the main policies, effectand result, basic experience are the focal points. The Party committee and government of Ningxia take the system of regional ethnic autonomy as yardstick, take actions that suit local circumstances, draw up and carry out a series of operable regional ethnic autonomy policies, have maintained stability and unity, common prosperity and development.Ethnic groups in Ningxia Smoke the calumet together, in times of difficulty work together with one heart, enjoy accord development. Rich experience in regional ethnic autonomy has been accumulated.The forth chapter takes the case of Ningxia’s practice and development, study the main problems are faced in the development of system of regional ethnic autonomy innew period. Disparate development of regional economies is still the blockstone of development of the system of regional ethnic autonomy, relative backward of national cultural education seriously restrict regional area people to implement their culture right and to thoroughly liberate the cultural production capability. Meanwhile, distemperedness of the system of regional ethnic autonomy become systematic obstacles for the economy and society development of ethnic mimority area. Following the development of society, tension and conflict between religion and politics become more and more outstanding, so it is the key to realize oneness of above issues and polynary harmoniousnessBased on the study in practice of the system of regional ethnic autonomy, The fifth chapter gives policy and suggestion in developing the system. That isfurther to improve socialist democracy, to consolidate and to develop ethnic atoneness, adequately to implement autonomous right of autonomous areas, deeply and widely to carry out education about ethnic minorrity theory and polisy, to strengthen tconstruction in advanced socialist culture and ethnic minority sulture, vigorous to develop educational business in ethnic minority areas, to impel building of contingent of cadres in ethnic minority areas, and so on.From the the study and analysis in theory and individual cases, the final conclusion was drawn as carrying out the system of national regional autonomy, suits China’s actual conditions, in line with whole fundamental national interests, it must to be adhered resolutely.For practic, we should advance with the times, continuous perfect the system, put it into fullplayfor China’s economy and society development.Macro-and micro-analytic research methods are synthetically employed in the full text, the novelty not only lies in research methods bou aslo in academic points of view, mainly reflected in:1. Case studies combined with theoretical analysis, quantitative research and qualitative research combine, taking improvement and development of regional ethnic autonomy system in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as example, doing in-depth study and interpretation on the system and practice.2. To improve and develop the national system of regional autonomy is necessary to further improve relevant laws and regulations, establish a set of practical monitoring mechanism, to form a virtuous circle.3. to improve and develop the national system of regional autonomy in minority areas must to integrate with the actual situation, must to combinate principle and flexibility, to enrich regional ethnic autonomy system content with rich and dynamic vision.4. To improve and develop the national system of regional autonomy must to be implemented in economic development, depending on a sound regional ethnic autonomy system to promote economic development, by promoting economic development to make the system optimized.5. The ethnic regional autonomy system and the cohabitation of all ethnic groups combined, which is academic question, but also political issues on the development of regional ethnic autonomy system, we have to deal with the challenges faced by ideology.In short, the implementation of regional ethnic autonomy system in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is not only a democracy-building needs, but also needs form the fine political order and orderly development in multi-ethnic country just like China. To improve and develop the regional ethnic autonomy system should enhance the peoples of the Chinese nation’s sense of identity and belonging.更多还原