【作者】 杨秋宝；

【导师】 荣朝和；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 产业经济学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 近现代铁路的建设对推动城市经济发展、促进城市化进程、引导城市空间布局等方面起到了重要作用。特别是随着运输化与城市化水平的不断提高,当运输业发展的重点由线路通道建设,逐渐转移到枢纽节点(城市)建设后,运输业提高网络效率同时不妨碍城市发展的需要必然对城市内铁路网络提出某种相应的内在要求,因此如何协调铁路网络自身运行与城市运行之间的关系是必须重视的问题。本文选取铁路枢纽型城市作为研究对象,以网络形态作为处理和协调铁路与城市发展关系的切入点,来考察提高铁路交通资源优化配置的途径。论文运用交通资源配置理论和“产品-资源-网络经济”的运输经济学分析方法,对铁路网络形态优化的内涵及其作用机制进行了理论分析,并在此基础上结合国内外部分典型铁路枢纽型城市相关实践进行了实证案例研究。论文的主要内容和结论基本包括以下几个部分：首先,本文在系统总结和梳理国内外研究成果的基础上,从交通基础设施对城市发展的影响作用、铁路与城市发展的相互关系以及交通资源配置理论三个层面阐述了目前在铁路与城市发展相互作用及机制研究方面的进展和不足,为本文的深入研究提供了有益的借鉴,也奠定了理论研究的基础。其次,提出了枢纽型城市的概念,指出了交通节点功能和城市功能的叠加和冲突是铁路与城市相互作用关系的根本动因。并建立了枢纽型城市铁路网络形态阶段性演化的一般描述性模型,揭示铁路与城市二者的阶段性演化规律和未来发展趋势。第三,从铁路网络形态和交通资源配置的相互关系入手,建立了网络形态优化的理论分析框架,指出通过铁路网络形态的优化,包括节点设置方式、线路敷设方式及系统衔接方式对交通资源合理配置,发挥相对成本优势,才能最终实现既提升铁路网络经济的发挥,又能促进城市高效运转的根本目的。在此基础上,从“产品-资源-网络经济”的分析方法出发,深入分析了铁路网络形态优化的作用机制,主要包括节点设置方式与运输供求空间匹配程度、线路敷设方式与交通资源合理聚集、系统衔接方式与运输网络经济等三个层面。最后,利用网络形态分层分析方法,指出影响网络形态优化的主要因素,并指出交通规划是实现铁路网络形态优化的根本途径。第四,在上述理论分析的基础上,论文选取了德国柏林、美国芝加哥、洛杉矶以及我国台北和石家庄等国内外最新铁路工程实践作为实证案例的考察对象,运用案例分析和历史分析结合的研究方法,进一步验证了本文提出的理论分析框架和结论。实证研究表明,强化铁路客站中心区位、货运设施外迁、入城线网立体化以及建立高效的衔接系统等布局方式对铁路网络形态的优化作用,不但能提升铁路自身运输效率,又不妨碍铁路枢纽型城市的正常运转,有利于两者的协调发展。最后,论文从节点设置层面、线路敷设层面及系统衔接层面对北京铁路网络形态进行深入分析,提出了优化铁路网络形态布局的相关建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The constructions of railways exert great influences on prompting the urban economic development, accelerating the urbanization process and orienting the urban spacial structures in the past decades. Especially, with the transportization and urbanization process speeding up, the focus of transport development has been changed from the lines and corridors between cities and regions to the connections in the network nodes (cities). And the railway network has to make corresponding internal requirements to improving network efficiency while not impeding the development of cities, so how dose the railway network improve the efficiency while coordinating to the relationship with the city? At this point, the railway must change its network form to adapt to such a request.The paper chooses the railway hub cities as the object of study, and focuses on the network form of railways imply an important key function to coordinate the relationship between city and railway, and figure out the methods of optimizing configuration on the transport resources. The paper advances theoretical analysis on the content and optimizing mechanism of railway network form by using transport resources allocation theory and the "Product-Resource-Network economy" (PRN) pattern of transportation economic theory. And on this basis, it has conducted the empirical and case study on the typical abroad and domestic railway hub cities, which implemented the railway improvement projects. Overall, the major contents and conclusions of the paper basiclly include the following several parts:Firstly, through a review of related research, the paper found that there are three main fields about the relationship and interactive mechanism between railway and city development, including the influence of the transport infrastructure on the urban development, the influence of the railway networks on the urban development, and the transport resource allocation theory, which provides a useful reference and theoretical basis for this paper.Secondly, the paper presents the concept of the "Railway Hub City", pointing out that the main reason for the interaction between railway and city is the superposition and conflict between transport node function and urban function, which the railway city contains. And the paper constructs a general describe model (GDM) about the evolution of the railway network form of a railway hub city, which implying that the stage evolution discipline and the development tendency. Thirdly, the paper constructs a optimizing model for railway network form, which based on the relationship between railway network form and transport resource configuration. And the modal points out that the optimaiztion of the railway network form, including location of the railway nodes, laying pattern of railway routes and configuration of railway connections, will optimize the transport resource allocation, save transport costs, enhance the effect of network econcomy and accelarte the urban economic development. And on this basis, from the view of the "Product-Resource-Network economy" (PRN) pattern of transportation economic theory, the paper analysises the optimazing mechanism of the railway network form, which includes the interactive mechanism betweens’ the locations of the railway nodes and the special match of transport "demand-spply", the laying pattern of railway routes and the optimizing agglomeration of transport resources and configuration of railway connections and the realization of transport network economy. Then, the paper figures out the main factors, which determined the optimization of railway network form by using the "Transportation Network Form Structure" (TNFS) analysis method, and presents that the transport plan is the basic approach for optimizing railway network form.Fourthly, based on the theoretical analysis of above, the paper takes the Berlin Central Station in Germany, the Chicago CREATE program and Los Angeles Alameda Corridor in America, and "railway grade separation program" in Taibei city and Shijiazhuang city of China, as the cases to the empirical study, and verifies the conclusions of this paper. The conclusion of the study shows that, with reinforcing the central location of passenger nodes, putting the rail cargo facilities out of the urban area, implementing rail routes grade separated, and installing efficiency railway connection system, the optimization of railway network form will improve the efficiency of railway system while coordinating to the relationship with the city.Finally, the paper analysises the questions that we have been faced during the process of planning and construction of the Beijing railway hub, and using the theory and the model that the paper presented, the paper puts forward several corresponding policy recommendations and suggestions in order to optimize the railway network form.更多还原