【作者】 王海；

【导师】 王旭；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 生物信息技术， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 脑是自然界中最高级的结构,是智慧的发源地。脑科学研究有着非凡的意义,它处在科学领域的最前沿。脑科学研究需要检测技术的支持,脑科学是伴随着检测技术的发展而前进的。此次课题研究正是以开发颅脑功能检测新设备与新方法以及对传统颅脑功能检测技术进行补充和完善为目的,使检测过程更安全便捷,使检测设备更经济实用。文章提出生物电气接口的概念,对当今常用的颅脑功能检测技术与检测设备做了全面的考察与学习,并进行比较,为课题的研究提供理论支持与向导,从而制定了以NIRS生理检测技术为基础的研究路线。文章全面介绍了NIRS技术的原理、发展以及在生理检测中的应用,并详细阐述和分析了将NIRS技术应用于颅脑功能检测的fNIRS技术,归纳总结了fNIRS检测的生理原理,分析当前fNIRS技术的发展状况和不足之处,并进一步提出了改进方案。fNIRS是一项崭新的颅脑功能检测技术,发展时间短,技术尚不成熟,当前的应用状况与检测效果不如传统颅脑功能检测设备。但这一检测方式易于操作,无放射性及高场强影响,不易受到电磁干扰,其设备也相对经济、轻便,因此具有很大的发展潜力。作者对当前NIRS生理检测技术进行深入研究,分析了血流检测原理,并在此基础上加以创新,提出聚焦式NIRS生理检测方案,使检测分辨率得到提升。其中,聚焦式检测方案使用了聚焦成像的摄影原理,使设备受环境光线干扰大大减少,探头可以脱离体表,并且无需遮罩、无需严格暗室环境,提供了非接触式的检测方法,实现真正非接触检测,也为光源／探头的自由活动以及通道扫描式检测提供了可行性,这也为提升检测分辨率创造了有利条件,同时给医患以及检测过程带来方便。课题中使用了蒙特卡洛方法对方案进行了理论分析,同时通过实测对方案进一步加以检验。课题进行了相关设备的实际加工制作,并针对血流检测和功能检测进行了动物实验和人体实验,对实验结果进行了分析论证,进行了相关安全评估。文中详细介绍了设备的组成、各部件的设计理念和加工过程,同时介绍了全部实验过程并对实验结果进行分析,证明了聚焦式NIRS生理检测的良好特性。文章最后展望了fNIRS技术的前景,并预先设计了完备的通道扫描式fNIRS的结构,对未来的研究工作进行了部署。更多还原

【Abstract】 The encephalon is the most advanced structure in the nature. It’s the source of wisdom. Research of the encephalon science has extraordinary significance.It is the front edge of science.Such research needs the support of relative detection technology. The advancement of encephalon science follows development of detection technology. The goal of this research project is to develop new device and new method to encephalic function detection to supply traditional technology of encephalic function detection. Hence, detection will become safer and more convenient, and detection device will become more economical and more practical.In the article, the author put forward the concept of "Biotic Electric Interface", reviewed and studied modern encephalic function detection technologies and devices comprehensively, and compared among them, it gave the theoretic support and guide, hence, the route based on NIRS physiologic detection technology was set down. The author expatiated the theory, the development and physiologic detection application of NIRS technology, expatiated and analyzed fNIRS technology which is the application of NIRS on the encephalic function detection, summarized physiological theory of fNIRS detection, analyzed development and shortcoming of modern fNIRS technology, and brought forward improving project.fNIRS is a brand-new technology of encephalic function detection, its history is short, it is still immature, and its application status and detection result is not as good as traditional technologies of encephalic function detection. But fNIRS is easy to operate without radiation and without high-intensity electric or magnetic field. It is electromagnetic disturbance-proof. Its device is comparatively cheap and convenient. So, fNIRS has much potential to develop. The author researched current technology of NIRS physiologic detection carefully, analyzed the theory of blood detection, and put forward the method of focusing NIRS physiologic detection, such method improved detection resolution. The new method made use of photography theory, lessened the disturbance of environment light to the device greatly, hence, the detector can leave the surface of organism, and need no covering, need no strict darkroom environment, and it provided noncontact detection method, so it provided the feasibility of a detection mode with freely movable emitter/detector and channel-scanned style, hence, it provided advantage of resolution promotion, and it also provided convenience to patients, doctors and detection process.Monte Carlo method was used to analyze new design, and practical experiments were also used to check the design.In the research, the real device was manufactured, and the experiment of blood current detection and function detection were done on the animal and the human body, experiment results were analyzed and proved, and safty evaluation was also done.In the article, the author introduced the structure of device, the theories and machining process of all device parts.The author also described all experiments and analyzed the experiment results, and nice feature of focusing NIRS was proved.Finally, the author forecasted the prospection of fNIRS technology, designed integrated structure of channel-scanned fNIRS in advance, and planned the work of next stage.更多还原