【作者】 刘杰；

【导师】 闻邦椿；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 为搞好产品设计,近百年来国内外科技工作者进行了大量的研究,提出了数十种设计理论与方法,但这些方法只能在一定范围内适用于特定产品或是产品开发的某些阶段,还没有一种可以很好地覆盖整个产品开发周期的设计理论与方法,设计理论与方法仍存在很多不足和需要继续研究的问题。同时,面对纷繁复杂设计理论与方法,如何在产品设计过程中加以有效的选择和运用,实现不同设计方法的有机组合和最佳匹配,也一直是设计理论与方法研究的热点和难点问题。闻邦椿教授在总结多年设计经验的基础上,针对产品设计过程的复杂性,基于系统工程的理论,提出了面向产品全功能和全性能的现代产品设计规划,即从产品的设计思想、设计环境、设计过程、设计目标、设计内容、设计方法及设计质量评价方法7个方面来对产品的设计过程进行总体规划,简称7D设计规划。现代产品设计规划旨在克服以往传统设计的不足,以满足产品的质量、性能、时间、成本、价格和综合经济效益最优为目的,以计算机辅助设计为主体,以知识为依托,以多种科学方法及技术为手段,从系统工程的角度对设计进行全局把握。本文围绕现代产品设计规划的主要内容展开,以顾客需求为驱动,以产品的功能和性能为基本内容,重点研究了产品需求信息获取、产品的功能及功能优化设计、产品的性能及性能优化设计和产品设计质量评价等现代产品设计规划的关键理论问题,并将产品设计规划成功应用于大型压缩机转子振动试验台的设计中。本课题的研究得到了国家自然科学基金重点项目(50535010)、沈阳市机械振动与产品动态设计重点实验室和沈阳鼓风机有限公司国家技术中心的支持,对产品设计规划的丰富和推广应用有重要意义,具体研究内容如下：对产品设计理论与方法的研究现状进行概括,并对国内外主要设计理论与方法进行有效的分类和发展趋势分析,论述了现阶段产品设计理论与方法研究中的关键问题,强调了加强以科学发展观和自主创新为指导的产品设计理论与方法研究的重要性和必要性,阐明了本文的选题背景和研究的目的与意义。对现代产品设计规划的基础理论和主要内容进行深入研究。现代产品设计规划的基础理论包括质量的组成元素和质量方程、技术系统的完整性和目标、内容与方法的关联方程。现代产品设计规划的主要内容包括设计思想、设计环境、设计过程、设计目标、设计内容、设计方法和设计质量评价7个方面,分为三个阶段,即规划阶段、实施阶段和检验阶段,不仅适用于一般的机械设备,还适用于一些大型旋转机械、大型交通运输设备和大型工程机械等。从技术进化和市场调查两方面对产品需求信息进行分析。对于新产品的开发,首先从技术进化的角度寻求新的科学原理和技术突破,开发创造顾客的潜在需求；对于已有产品的改进,应从市场调查出发,对目标市场进行精确分类,确定产品改进的方向,打造适应于不同客户群体个性化产品。成功的需求分析与预测能够把握现在,立足未来,实现市场需求的创新,抢占领先地位,成为行业的引领者。建立了功能优化设计的目标、内容与方法的关联方程,产品的功能通过方案设计来体现,为选定可行的设计方案,应用灰关联度分析评价不同的设计方案,并对不同属性的敏感区间进行研究,结合振动筛的设计实例进行说明,对其进行设计方案分析,通过设计方案的分析与评价,为最终确定理想的功能实现方案提供依据。功能优化设计是现代产品设计规划的主要内容,在整个过程中占有重要的地位。对产品的性能及性能优化设计进行深入的研究,产品的主要性能包括结构性能、使用性能和制造性能,每个具体的性能分别对应8项子性能。性能优化设计包括动态优化设计、智能优化设计和可视优化设计,分别保证产品结构性能、使用性能和制造性能。通过对产品进行性能优化设计,保证产品具有良好综合性能,为设计高质量的产品提供基础。以产品设计质量为目标,制定了产品设计质量评价的指标体系,结合质量评价的一般过程,从不同的角度,运用不同的方法对产品设计质量进行评价,包括：模糊综合评价法,灰色层次分析法和基于物元与组合权重的评价法等。实际评价过程中应根据不同的指标状态和已知条件选择不同的评价方法。以大型压缩机转子振动试验台为例,采用现代产品设计规划对其进行研究,通过设计总体规划完成对设计过程的统一部署,采用功能优化设计完成方案设计,运用三化设计(动态优化设计、智能优化设计和可视优化设计)完成详细设计,保证了该试验台的主要功能、结构性能、工作性能和工艺性能得以实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 To improve the product quality, many researchers have done plenty of research work about the product design, and presented many new design theory and method. But these methods were only suitable for the certain product or for the certain development stages. The method which could cover the whole development period was inexistence. Many problems and deficiencies need to be studied continually about design theory and method. At the same time, the focus and difficulty problem was how to use such many methods in the design process and how to realize organic combination and match the different methods.Based on many years design experience Professor Wen Bangchun has presented theory design planning faced the product generalized quality from the system engineering viewpoint. That is to say, the design process was planned from design ideas, design environments, design steps, design objects, design contents, design methods and design quality evaluation.7D design planning overcame the malady of the traditional design. Based on computer aided design and knowledge of multidisciplinary 7D design planning grasped the global design.Main contents of product design planning were evolved. The key problems of modern product design planning were studied, which included product requirement, product function optimization design, product characteristics optimization design and quality evaluation. Finally the design planning was succeeded in rotor test design. This works was financed by the Key Project of China National Natural Science Foundation (No.50535010), and supported by Shenyang Key laboratory of Mechanical Vibration and Dynamic Design of product, and the State Technology Center of Shenyang Blower (Group) Ltd.Corp. The research results are important for enriching and developing, extending and applying design planning theory. And the main contents are as follows:The present research status was summarized about design theory and method and the main methods were classified. The key problems in design theory and method were discussed at present. The importance and necessity of scientific development viewpoint and self-creation was emphasized in the process of product design. The background of topic selection and study significance were elucidated. The basis theory and main contents of modern product design planning were studied. The basis theory mainly included product quality equation, technology system integrity and relation equation of object, content and method. The main contents included design ideas, design environments, design steps, design objects, design contents, design methods and design quality assessment. Modem product design planning was divided into three stage: planning stage, implement stage and assessment stage. Modern product design planning was suitable for not only general mechanical equipment but also large rotating machinery, large transportation equipment, and large engineering machinery et al.The product requirement was analyzed and forecasted from the technology evolution and the market investigation. For the new product development the new science principle and technology breakthrough were sought from the technology evolution. For the product improvement the target market was classified and the direction of the product improvement was determined from the market investigation. The personal product suitable for different customer was supplied. According to the requirement analysis and forecast the market demand could be created.Relation equation of object, content and method about function optimization design was proposed. The product function was embodied in the design scheme. With the grey theory the function design scheme could be evaluated and the index sensitive range could be analyzed. A case about function design scheme of vibration screen was studied. Function optimization design was important content of modern product design planning.The product characteristics mainly included structural characteristics, operational characteristics and manufacturing characteristics. Each characteristics were separately made up of 8 sub-characteristics. The characteristics optimization design included dynamic optimization design, intelligent optimization design and visual optimization design. With the characteristics optimization design the structural characteristics, operational characteristics and manufacturing characteristics of product could be ensured.Based on the product design quality the indexes system of the quality evaluation was established. Combined with the general process of quality evaluation from different viewpoint the design quality was evaluated with the different method, which included fuzzy synthesis evaluation method, grey hierarchy method and combination weight evaluation method. In the practical evaluation process the different evaluation method was selected according to the different indexes.Modern product design planning was applied in the large compressor rotor vibration test system. The design process was deployed according to the design general planning. The design scheme was established with the function optimization design. The detailed design was obtained with dynamic optimization design, intelligent optimization design and visual optimization design. The main function, structural characteristics, operational characteristics, manufacturing characteristics could be ensured.更多还原