【作者】 曹国华；

【导师】 朱浮声；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 结构工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 建筑墙体的发展已经和土地、资源、能源、环境和建筑节能发生了密切的关系。新型墙体的研发已经成为科研的热点。模卡式拼装节能墙体研究的目的在于提供一种条形榫卯砌块拼装式墙体及施工方法。模卡式拼装节能墙体是由工厂化生产的条形榫卯砌块,连接件及发泡聚苯保温板在建筑施工现场直接拼装而成,形成高标准节能墙体,使墙体与保温节能一体化,并在施工作业面上一次完成。论文设计了模卡式节能墙体结构的基本构造。模卡式节能墙体由榫卯砌块、连接件、保温材料构成。确定了榫卯砌块的基本尺寸、连接件的作用及构造,采用的保温材料基本性能等。同时,基于现有砌块制造技术,分析了榫卯砌块的基本生产工艺流程,并对模卡式墙体施工提出了建议。在墙体基本性能研究方面,将模卡式墙体看成两向非均质围护结构计算其平均热阻；利用平壁稳定传热的基本理论计算其传热系数；最后对其保温层的经济厚度进行了讨论。计算结果表明,模卡式拼装节能墙体传热系数仅为0.689W/(m2·K),远低于其它常用墙体,具有良好的节能效果。墙体的聚苯板厚度采用0.08m时,能取得最佳经济指标,墙体的传热系数仅为0.400 W/(m2·K)。利用环境噪声学理论,探讨了模卡式墙体的隔声性能。当入射声波频率为125Hz时,其隔声量为55dB,共振频率为54Hz,满足民用及普通公建要求。模卡式的双层结构由于中间空气层(或添加隔音材料)提高了墙体的隔声性能,采用双层90mm粉煤灰陶粒混凝土加40-60厚空气层能够取得良好的隔声效果。满足节能65%要求的双层90mm粉煤灰陶粒混凝土模卡墙板加聚苯板构成的模卡墙体实际水蒸气分压力远小于饱和水蒸气压力,且在墙体中的分布线不相交,故模卡式陶粒混凝土墙体墙板内部不会出现冷凝结潮,具有良好的抗冷凝结潮性能。论文进行了模卡式拼装节能墙体钢框架体系的低周水平往复试验和数值模拟。结果表明,模卡式墙体开裂后通过应力重分布使墙体的裂缝分布均匀。墙体的整体受力性能较好,能够承受较大的水平荷载的作用。连接件协调了墙块之间的变形,并产生阻隔裂缝分布的作用,提高墙体的整体性及延性性能,在大变形的情况下,保证已开裂墙体不致于脱落、倒塌。墙体开裂荷载约为极限荷载的48%,小于同类无框架填充墙体的比值,墙体开裂以后承载力仍有一定的提高。这说明榫卯砌块明显地改善了墙体的变形能力,增加了结构的延性,在墙体达到极限荷载后,可保持裂而不倒。模卡式墙体由于该墙体榫头、插口等的榫卯作用,使墙体在水平荷载的作用下能够承受较大的往复荷载而只产生非常小的水平位移,从而保证墙体的正常工作。试验与数值模拟结果也同时表明,新型模卡式拼装节能墙体整体受力性能优良,在较大的往复水平荷载的作用下,墙体的大部分区域都没有达到极限荷载。如对该墙体的插孔等特殊部位进行适当的改动,可以进一步提高其承受荷载的能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Development of building wall has got in great touch with land, resource, environment and energy-saving building. It has been tidal current in scientific research to develop new kinds of building wall. In order to provide a kind of strip consolidation wallboard with tenon-and-mortise work building blocks and job practice, research on a molded consolidation wall that can save energy has been performed. The wallboard is actually tenon-and-mortise work building blocks made in a factory, while the connecting piece and foamed poly-p-phenylene board are consolidated in job site. The wallboard can set up a kind of stringent specification wall that saves energy. The process can be completed one-time at working face.Essential structure of the molded consolidation wall that can save energy is designed in this thesis. The wall is made up of tenon-and-mortise work building blocks, connecting pieces and heat insulator. It also confirmed basic dimension of tenon-and-mortise work building blocks, action and constitution of connecting pieces and basic nature of heat retaining and so on. At the same time, based on technique of manufacture about the existing building blocks, the production, process and flow path are analysed, and suggestion has been brought forward for execution of the Mortice-Tenon wall.In order to research the basic performance of the wall, If Mortice-Tenon wall is regarded as two-way heterogeneous exterior-protected construction, average thermal resistance can be calculated. Planomural stabilization theory may be used to calculate its coefficient of heat transmission. The economic thickness of the insulating layer is finally analyzed. Analysis outcome shows that coefficient of heat transmission is only 0.689 W/(m2-K), it is far lower than that of other common wall, and has very good energy-saving effect. When thickness of the insulating layer of the wall is 0.08m, it will has best economic indicator, and coefficient of heat transmission of the wall is only 0.400 W/(m2·K). Theory of environment noise is also used to analyze noise isolation. When entrance sound wave frequency is 125Hz, sound transmission loss is 55dB, resonance frequency is 54Hz, and the result meets operating requirements of civil and public building. Owing to having medium air of two-layer structure of the wall (or adding noise isolation material), noise isolation of the wall is increased. If two-layer fly ash (90mm thickness) ceramisite concrete together with 40-60mm thickness air can get better noise isolation result. When the energy-saving requirement is 65%, the practical water vapor pressure of the ceramisite concrete wallboard is far lower than the saturation water vapor pressure. The joints of the wallboard do not intersect, so the phenomenon of freezing and dampness in the wallboard will not appear. The wallboard can resist freezing and dampness much well.Low-cycle horizontal direction repeated-load test and numerical analysis have been down in this thesis. Research shows that, once Mortice-Tenon wall generates crack, its width is homogeneous along the crack. The whole mechanical property of the wall is better, and it can bear big horizontal load. Connecting pieces does coordination for deformation between two wallboards to resist deformation expansion, to enhance bulk property and tensility. In case of generating large deformation, it can ensure the crazing wall not to pull-out and collapse. The cracking load is about 48 percent of ultimate load. It is smaller than the ratio of homogeneous filler wall with no shell frame, but bearing capacity has improvement in a certain extent. It shows that tenon-and-mortise work building blocks can improve non-deformability of the wall. Tensility of the wall is also improved at the same time. After the wall bear limit load, it do not collapse with crack. Because of tenon-and-mortise work of the wall, small horizontal deformation will appear while the wall bear big horizontal repeated load. The wall works normally. Result from repeated-load test and numerical analysis shows that mortice-tenon energy-saving consolidation wall has wonderful whole mechanical property. Bearing big horizontal repeated load, majority of the wall does not bear limit load. If some especial position of the wall, such as socket, is modified properly, ability on bearing load will be improved ulteriorly.更多还原