【作者】 熊壮；

【导师】 曹福亮；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 森林培育， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 以郯城银杏基因库27个银杏无性系和邳州银杏种质资源圃52个银杏无性系为材料,研究了参试无性系的光合指标、种实和种核的重量与形态指标、及种核内含物的指标,得出了各指标的变异以及指标间的相关性。在此基础上对这些指标进行了评价,选出了银杏核用优良无性系。主要研究结果如下:(1)79个参试无性系间光合指标的变异系数由大到小依次是Tr(18.191%)、Gs(17.42%)、WUE(15.599%)、Pn(12.577%)、Ci(7.820%)。两个试验点的无性系种实和种核形态指标的变异分析表明,银杏种实(核)重量指标,单果重(20.922%)、单核重(19.106%)、出核率(11.553%)变异较大,形状指标,种核长(9.568%)、种核宽(8.455%)、种核厚(7.340%)等变异系数较小;种核内含物的变异分析表明,变异系数较大的四个指标是铜含量(51.274%)、钙含量(52.140%)、总黄酮含量(48.473%)、锌含量(35.5255),变异系数较小的三个指标是钾(19.040%)、脂肪(17.2%)、淀粉(9.802%)。其他指标的变异系数居中。(2)各指标间可能组成的528对相关数值中,仅有110对相关系数达显著或极显著水平。其中52对呈极显著正相关,15对呈显著正相关,23对呈极显著负相关,20对呈显著负相关。其中,净光合速率与单株种核产量呈极显著正相关,单核重与淀粉含量呈极显著正相关等。(3)以改进的层次分析法对79个无性系的种实与种核重量、形态指标、内含物指标、单株产量等进行评价,选择指数排前8位的无性系是71~#、1~#、62~#、35~#、52~#、42~#、15~#、50~#,表现出种实种核重量较大、内含物含量较高。根据用途不同,有侧重的选育各种专用无性系,其中15~#、19~#和59~#为药用无性系,其总黄酮和总内酯含量的均值分别是参试无性系均值的1.692倍和1.423倍;1~#、15~#和71~#为大粒无性系,其单核重均值比参试无性系均值高46.0%;9~#、12~#、34~#、39~#、49~#、54~#、56~#、60~#为高产无性系,其单株产量均值比参试单株产量均值高2.44倍。更多还原

【Abstract】 27 and 52 clones of Ginkgo biloba in Tancheng gene pool and Pizhou germplasms were studied. The photosynthesis indices, the weight and morphological indices of seed and nut, the chemical compositions of nut were analyzed, based on these analyses, the variability and the correlativity between clones were determined. These indices were evaluated and the superior clones for nut production were chosen. The main results were described as follows:(1)The variability coefficient of photosynthesis indices between 79 clones were listed in descending order as Tr(18.191%), Gs(17.42%), WUE(15.599%), Pn(12.577%), Ci(7.820%). Analyses on the variability of weight and morphological indices of seed and nut in two experimental sites showed that single seed weight(20.922%) and single nut weight(19.106%), percentage of nut to seed(11.553%) were high while the variability of morphological indices such as length of nut(9.568%), width of nut(8.455%) and thickness of nut(7.340%)were low. Analyses on the variability of the chemical composition of nut in descending order were listed as the content variability of Cu(51.274%), that of Ca(52.140%), that of total flavonoids(48.473%), that of Zn(35.526%), that of K(19.040%), that of fat(17.2%) and that of starch(9.802%) were lower.(2)There were 528 pairs of relevant values, of which 110 correlation coefficients were very significant or significant. There were 67 pairs of relevant values showing positive correlation, while 43 pairs of relevant values showing negative correlation.(3)Based on the improved analytic hierarchy process, the weight and morphological indices of seed and nut, the chemical compositions of nut and nut yield of single clone were evaluated, the clones with higher evaluation index listed in descending order as 71~#,1~#,62~#,35~#,52~#,42~#,15~#,50~#. These eight clones were showed with higher weight of seed and nut, content of chemical compositions among 79 clones.15~#, 19~# and 59~# clones were chosen as medical using clones for nut production, the average content of total flavonoids and total lactones were 1.692 and 1.423 times of average content of 79 clones respectively. 1~#, 15~# and 71~# clones were chosen as high single nut weight clones for nut production, the average single nut weight of these clones was 1.460 times of average single nut weight of 79 clones. 9~#, 12~#, 34~#, 39~#, 49~#, 54~#, 56~# and 60~# clones were chosen as for high nut yield clones, the average nut yield of single clone of these clones were 2.440 times of average yield of 79 clones.更多还原