【作者】 杜世勤；

【导师】 江建中；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 新型磁齿轮传动装置属于磁场调制式磁力传动结构,具有转矩密度高、运行效率高、非接触性力矩传递和过载自保护等优点,有替代机械齿轮在清洁、低温和高空等环境中运行的潜力。高性能稀土永磁材料在电机设计中的成功应用,使得现代永磁电机的转矩密度和运行效率较感应电机有了较大提高。本文提出一种新结构稀土永磁电机,就是把普通的稀土永磁电机内嵌到磁场调制式磁齿轮里,从而形成磁齿轮复合电机,这样就把永磁电机和磁齿轮的优点结合了起来。磁齿轮复合电机作为实现低速大转矩电机的一条新途径,研究成果应用前景广泛,可应用于军事领域(舰船直接驱动)、车辆运输(电力机车、电动汽车直接驱动)、可再生能源利用开发(风力发电)、先进制造业(机床直接驱动)等场合。本课题是国家“863”高科技项目《高效大转矩直接驱动复合式永磁电机系统研究》(2007 AA05Z233)的研究内容之一,对新型结构钕铁硼永磁电机——磁齿轮复合电机进行设计研究。本文围绕这种新型磁齿轮复合电机展开研究,具体做了以下几方面的工作:1)、以电机电磁场计算的解析方法为出发点,在电机气隙中求解了极坐标下数学物理方程中的拉普拉斯方程的解析解。结合有限元方法,得到电机磁场整个区域的矢量磁位,为计算其他物理量奠定了基础。2)、分析机械齿轮和传统磁齿轮的不足之处,研究新型磁齿轮复合电机的关键部位——磁场调制式磁齿轮传动装置的运行机理。针对该装置的输入输出转子转向相反,且具有两层气隙的特点,在多气隙场合中拓展了数值解析结合法的磁场计算,编制了相应的程序。以气隙磁场谐波分析为出发点,分析了这种新型磁齿轮,虽然该装置内、外层气隙之中的磁场有多种谐波分量存在,但是电磁转矩几乎是单一主波成份,数值解析结合法仿真计算得到的定量结果与运行机理中的理论分析相一致。3)、利用磁齿轮内转子的空间,在考虑加工、装配等的可行性之后,完成了电机拓扑结构的创新,设计出新型磁齿轮复合电机。借助于电机电磁场计算的数值解析结合法,实现了复合电机内、外两个转子任意方向任意角度的自由转动磁场计算。计算了复合电机的感应电动势和电磁转矩,捕捉了齿槽定位转矩的最大值等电机参数。按一定指标要求设计了一台低速大转矩高效磁齿轮复合电机,并研制了相应的样机。4)、试验证明了新型磁齿轮和永磁电机的结合取得了结构上的创新,磁齿轮复合电机样机取得高转矩密度稳定运行的效果,磁齿轮样机更是取得了高转矩密度、高传动效率稳定运行的结果。试验测得的感应电势和转矩与数值解析结合法计算相吻合,验证了在多气隙场合中拓展数值解析结合法磁场计算的有效性。新电机结构紧凑、转矩密度高、功率因数高,又有过载自保护能力,适合于低转速、高转矩直接驱动系统。磁齿轮复合电机的成功运行,取得了电机结构和设计算法上的创新,为低速大转矩电机的设计增添了新的途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 A novel magnetic field modulation gearing transmits torque by magnetic force with high density and efficiency, and could be a potential substitute of a mechanical gearing if used in lustration, low temperature, high altitude environment etc. The development of high performance rare-earth permanent magnet material and its successful application in electrical machine, make it possible to provide more torque density and efficiency for a modern permanent magnet machine compared with for an induction motor.A permanent magnet electrical machine combined with a field modulation magnetic gear has been presented in this paper. The paper describes the fundamental structure of an outer rotor brushless PM motor is embedded into a novel magnetic gear. Merits of the permanent magnet electrical machine and the novel magnetic gear are combined together for realizing a high toque low speed drive. The research results application prospect is widespread, may be applied in the military domain (ship direct drive), the transportation (electric locomotive, electric automobile direct drive), the renewable energy development (wind power generation), the advanced manufacturing industry (machine tool direct drive) and so on.As one part of the national 863 program research project“Research on an efficient large torque direct-drive permanent magnet combined electrical machine system”(2007 AA05Z233),The text concentrates on the design of a permanent magnet electrical machine combined with a magnetic gear.This article around a permanent magnet electrical machine combined with a magnetic gear expands research, do the following tasks:1) Base upon the analytical approach of electromagnetic field as a starting point, in cylindrical coordinates find the analytical solution of Laplace’s equation in a certain annular region of the air gap. Combine the finite element method, solve overall field vector potentials in an electrical machine, and lay the foundation to calculate other physical quantities.2) Analyze deficiencies of mechanical gears and traditional magnetic gears, research magnetic field modulation magnetic gearing which is the key part of the combined electrical machine work. For the characteristic of the device with two layers of air gap, whose input rotor and output rotor turn reversely, extend numerical and analytical combined method of magnetic field calculation, and establish the corresponding program. Both in inner layer air gap and in outer layer air gap the magnetic field has many kinds of harmonic component existence, but the electromagnetic torque is nearly the sole fundamental wave ingredient, the calculation result by way of numerical and analytical combined method is consistent with the theoretical analysis.3) After using the inner rotor’s space of the field modulation magnetic gear, considering processing, assembly and so on feasibility, has completed the electrical machinery topology innovation, i.e., designed the permanent magnet electrical machine combined with the novel magnetic gear. With the aid of the numerical and analytical combined method, has realized the magnetic field calculation under the condition that the inner rotor and the outer rotor rotate with free pace and different direction. Parameters of the induced electromotive force and the electromagnetic torque and so on of the novel motor have been calculated, and it is not difficult to catch the maximum value of cogging torque. Has designed a low speed big torque highly effective electrical machine combined with a novel magnetic gear according to certain target requests, and developed the prototype.4) The experiment has proven the union of a novel magnetic gear and a permanent magnet electrical machine in the structure innovation successfully. The electrical machine combined with a novel magnetic gear runs at a high torque density with a stable movement effect. The high torque density, the high transmission efficiency and stable movement result of the magnetic gearing prototype are also obtained. The induced electromotive force and electromagnetic force of the combined electrical machine have obtained consistently with the analysis by the way of numerical and analytical combined method, which proves the proposed method is correct and effective in the multiple airgaps situation.The novel electrical machine combined with a magnetic gear has a compact structure, high torque density, high power factor and the protection ability when overloaded, suits in the low speed high torque direct drive system. The smooth movement of the novel electrical machine combined with a magnetic gear has been obtained, which proves the success of the structure and the design algorithm innovation, has increased the new way for the low speed high torque electrical machine design.更多还原