【作者】 李启宇；

【导师】 张文秀；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 上世纪90年代以来,我国的城乡差距不断拉大,“三农”问题日益突出,成为新时期经济社会发展的瓶颈。为此,党的十六大提出了“统筹城乡经济社会发展”的战略。城乡统筹要求城乡之间的资源和生产要素自由流动,形成“相互依托,优势互补,以城带乡,以乡促城,共同发展”的城乡关系。农地承包经营权合理流动是城乡要素流动的基础,对于城乡统筹发展至关重要。只有使其自由流动,才能实现资源的优化配置,发展现代农业,促进农地价值的最大化,同时促进农村劳动力的转移和农民收入的提高,实现城乡统筹发展。然而,目前我国农地流转制度存在诸多问题,导致农地承包经营权流转不畅,流转率偏低。因此,对现有农地流转制度进行研究,剖析其缺陷,探讨完善农地流转制度的路径,推进农地流转,对于优化农地资源配置,促进城乡统筹发展,具有重要的理论意义和现实价值。本文以现代产权理论、地租理论、土地市场理论和制度创新等相关理论为指导,在回顾改革开放后我国农地承包经营权流转制度变迁的基础上,分析了成渝试验区农地承包经营权流转制度改革实践,研究了农户农地承包经营权流转意愿及影响因素,对农地承包经营权流转相关利益主体进行了博弈分析,对现有农地承包经营权流转制度缺陷进行了分析判断,最后提出了农地流转制度创新的路径。本研究的基本结论如下：(1)家庭承包经营制度在改革开放之初发挥了巨大的作用,是适应当时生产力发展的制度创新。但随着经济的发展,该制度的缺陷日益显现,需要进行必要的适时的优化。我国农地承包经营权流转制度经历了初始阶段和确立、完善阶段,这一过程表明,市场化流转是农地承包经营权流转制度创新的内在要求,适度规模经营是今后我国农地流转制度变革的方向。(2)成渝试验区为推进农地承包经营权流转,进行了确权颁证、还权赋能、耕地保护、农地承包经营权流转中介组织建设等一系列改革,在农民收入增加、农业产业结构调整、农业资金投入多元化等方面取得了较好的绩效,但也存在违法违规流转现象、多数农民不愿意流转、流转中介组织效能没有充分发挥、农地流转风险防范机制不足等问题。实践证明,要促进农地承包经营权流转,必须还权赋能、尊重农民意愿,这是推进农地承包经营权流转的前提；而特色优势产业的支撑、足够的规模经营主体、相应的组织支持和配套政策,是推进农地承包经营权流转的必要条件。(3)农民是农地承包经营权流转供给主体,其流转意愿直接决定其农地流转行为,进而影响农地流转。对农户农地承包经营权流转意愿的Logistic分析表明,影响农户农地转入意愿的主要因素是人均年收入、非农收入比重、对农地流转价格的满意度、有无农地流转中介、有无政府补助购买社会保险和区域经济发展水平。影响农户农地转出意愿的主要因素是人均年收入、非农收入比重、对农地流转价格的满意度、有无农地流转中介和有无政府补助购买社会保险。因此,健全的社会保障、较高的农户家庭收入和非农收入比重、合理的农地流转价格和有效的中介组织有利于增强农户农地流转意愿,推进农地流转。(4)城乡统筹下农地承包经营权流转制度创新所涉及的利益主体主要有乡镇政府、农村集体经济组织、农地转出方和农地转入方,在农地承包经营权流转过程中,各利益主体基于对自身利益最大化的追逐,进行交织复杂的利益博弈,作出各自的决策行为。博弈分析结果表明,要促进农地承包经营权流转,必须处理好相关利益主体的利益分配关系：农户转出农地获得的总报酬不低于自己经营农地；转入方转入农地获得的报酬不低于社会平均利润；降低交易成本,能增加农地转出方和转入方的报酬。(5)现有农地承包经营权流转制度存在农地所有权主体不明、农地承包经营权产权残缺,农地市场化流转机制不健全,缺乏专业的农地流转价格评估机构和统一规范的价格形成机制,农地流转风险防范机制不完善等缺陷。因此,必须对农地承包经营权流转制度进行创新,以适应农业现代化发展和城乡统筹发展的需求。(6)进行农地承包经营权流转制度创新,必须在坚持家庭承包经营制度的基础上,强化农地使用权；允许农地承包经营权抵押,由种植大户或农民专业合作社出资设立社会化农业担保公司；建立和完善委托经营、抵押、作价出资或入股和出让农地承包经营权流转形式；建立健全农地经营权流转价格形成机制,完善农地流转风险防范机制；完善相关配套措施,并重视非正式制度的作用。本文的创新之处：(1)提炼出了委托经营、作价出资或入股和出让等农地承包经营权流转形式。(2)提出了“预期地租”计价标准。目前计算农地承包经营权流转价格一般是采用过去农地的年平均收益即“滞后地租”作为计价标准。(3)提出了建立市场化农业担保公司的途径。可由当地种植大户或农民专业合作社出资设立市场化农业担保公司为农户农地承包经营权抵押提供担保。(4)提出了农地流转制度创新应重视农民的恋土情结、农耕文化、对地方政府、村集体经济组织和农地转入方的信任等非正式制度的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1990’s, the disparity between town and country is wider and wider in China. "Three-agricultural problems" is more prominent and become a bottleneck of economic and social development. Then, the strategy of balancing the economic and social development of urban and rural areas was proposed on the 16th Party National Congress. It requires resources and production factors move freely between urban and rural areas, then formatting a urban-rural relation of "relying on each other, complementing each other, urban driving rural areas, rural areas promoting urban and getting common development at last". The rational flow of Agricultural Land Contract Management Right, which is an important resource and production factor of farmer, is the dependent basis of urban-rural factors flow and it is crucial to balance urban and rural development. Only make it flow freely, can resource allocation be optimized, modern agriculture be developed and the value of agricultural land be maximized, while promoting the transfer of rural labor force and farmers’incomes increase. However, there are many problems in the agricultural land transfer system in China resulting in land contractual management right has not been transferred smoothly. The transfer rate is low. Therefore, to study the existing agricultural land transfer system, analyze its shortcomings, explore improving path and promote transfer of agricultural land, which would optimize the allocation of agricultural land and promote urban and rural development, has important theoretical and practical value.The modern property rights theory, land rent theory, land market theory and system innovation theory are taken as a guide in this paper. Based on the review of agricultural land contract management right transfer system Change in China after the reform and opening up, the transfer system reform in Chengyu pilot area is analyzed. Rural households’land transfer will and influencing factors and the stakeholders’game of agricultural land contract management right system innovation are analyzed. The agricultural land contract management transfer system defects are diagnosed. Finally, the innovation approaches are put forward.The basic conclusions are as follows:(1) The farmer households contract management system in Beginning period of the reform and opening up has played a huge role, which is a system innovation adapted to the development of productivity. But with economic development, the system defects are increasingly apparent, and need for timely and necessary optimization. The agricultural land contract management transfer system has been going through the initial、establish and perfect stage. This process shows that the marketing transfer is the inherent requirement of land contract management rights transfer system innovation, and appropriate scale management is the change direction in the future.(2) There are a series of reforms in Chengyu experimental area, such as certification, empowerment right, protection farmland, transfer intermediary organizations construction, to promote land transfer. It increases farmers’income, agricultural industry restructuring, agricultural fund investment pluralism. There are some problems. There are some illegal transfer phenomenons. Most farmers are reluctant to transfer out land. Intermediary organizations are not effective. Risk prevention mechanism is insufficient. The practice shows that farmers right should be returned to, enabling them development and farmers wishes should be respected, which is the premises to promote the land transfer, and the support of characteristic industries, adequate scale operation entities, corresponding organization support and supporting policies, are essential to promote the land transfer.(3) Farmers are the main supply of agricultural land contract management transfer. Their transfer will directly determine the flow behavior, thereby affecting agricultural land transfer. The Logistic analysis of farmers land transfer will shows that the main influence factors to transfer into are per capita income, the proportion of non-agricultural income, agricultural land transfer price on satisfaction, availability of agricultural land transfer intermediary, availability of government grants to buy social insurance and regional economic development. The main influence factors to farmers transfer out are per capita income, the proportion of non-agricultural income, agricultural land transfer price on satisfaction, availability of agricultural land transfer intermediary and the availability of government subsidies to buy social insurance. Therefore, a sound social security, higher household income and non-agricultural income proportion, reasonable transfer price and effective intermediary organizations are beneficial to help enhance farm households will and promote the agricultural land transfer.(4) The main stakeholders of agricultural land contract management right transfer system innovation under balancing urban and rural development are township government, rural collective economic organizations, side of agricultural land transfer out and side of transfer into. In order to pursuit maximizing their own interests, the stakeholders have intricate interests game, the make their own decision-making behavior in the transfer process. Game analysis shows that to promote the transfer of the land contract management right, interest allocation between relevant stakeholders must be dealt with properly; farmers profit of transfer out land is not less than planting by themselves; the reward of the side transfer into is not less than the social average profit; to lower transaction costs could increase the two side reward.(5) There are some defects in the existing land contractual management right transfer system, such as fuzzy agricultural land ownership, incomplete property rights, imperfect market mechanism, lack of professional assessment of the agricultural land transfer prices of institutions and a unified standard of price formation mechanism, and incomplete risk prevention mechanism. Therefore, the agricultural land contractual management right transfer system must be innovated to adapt the needs of agricultural modernization and balancing urban and rural development.(6) Agricultural land contractual management transfer system innovation must adhere to the household contractual management system, strengthen the agricultural land use rights, permit mortgage, establish marketing agriculture security companies by the grower or farmer specialized cooperatives, establish and improve entrusting, mortgage, investment or shares, and transfer models, establish a sound land transfer price mechanism, improve the risk prevention mechanism, perfect the relevant policies, and pay attention to the role of the informal system.The innovation points of this paper are as follows:(1) Somg transfer models are extracted, such as entrusting, mortgage, investment or shares, and transfer forms.(2) The "rent expected "price standard is proposed. In the Current the pricing standard of calculating agricultural land contracting right price is generally used the average annual earnings of agricultural land in the past, that is "lag rent"。(3) A way market-oriented of establishment agricultural security company is proposed. Local grower or farmer cooperatives secured funding to establish social agricultural security company to guarantee farmers mortgage.(4) Farmers feeling to land、farming culture、the role of the informal system such as trust in local government, the village collective economic organizations and owners, must be pay attention to in land transfer system innovation.更多还原