【作者】 刘晓娟；

【导师】 党建武；

【作者基本信息】 兰州交通大学 ， 交通信息工程及控制， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 列车运行控制系统作为城市轨道交通控制系统的神经中枢,担当着保证行车安全、提高运行效率、缩短行车间隔的重任,同时还起到促进管理现代化、提高综合运输能力和服务质量的作用。随着通信技术的发展,尤其是无线通信技术的广泛应用,列车运行控制模式由传统的基于轨道电路的列车运行控制(Track-circuit Based Train Control, TBTC)演变成基于通信的列车运行控制(Communication Based Train Control, CBTC)。CBTC系统实现了列车与地面设备间的全双工大容量双向连续信息传输,能够对列车实施更为精确的运行控制,显著提高了行车效率,同时大大减少了轨旁设备,节省了成本和维护费用,提高了运能与安全性。近年来,CBTC系统成为许多地铁、轻轨项目中列车运行控制系统的解决方案。国外一些大城市开始对原有的地铁、轻轨系统进行CBTC改造,我国的城市轨道交通也已开始设计和采用CBTC系统。因此,根据城市轨道交通列车运行控制系统的发展以及我国的运用情况,研发具有自主知识产权的城市轨道交通CBTC系统已成为迫切的需要,对提高城市轨道交通运输能力、降低运营成本具有重要的现实意义。本文以城市轨道交通列车运行控制系统为研究对象,着重研究CBTC系统及其关键技术,旨在为我国CBTC的自主研发提供理论依据。主要研究内容为：(1)对CBTC系统进行了全面的分析,包括CBTC系统的定义、组成、结构及优点,CBTC系统的IEEE标准,CBTC系统工作原理,CBTC系统的通信方式。指出移动闭塞技术、列车定位技术和车地双向通信技术为CBTC系统的关键技术,说明了无线CBTC是未来城市轨道交通列车控制系统的发展方向。(2)以形式化建模语言Petri网及其仿真工具CPN Tools为基础,对CBTC系统进行建模和仿真。建立了CBTC数据传输系统(Data Communication System, DCS)的地面通信子系统模型、DCS车载子系统模型及车载列车自动防护(Automatic Train Protection,ATP)子系统的模型。给出了城市轨道交通CBTC系统地面有线网络的最大传输延时、平均延时标准差与信息帧长度之间的关系、ATP速度控制曲线等仿真结果。(3)研究了城市轨道交通中的移动闭塞技术及其建模和仿真。在比较固定闭塞、准移动闭塞和移动闭塞三种闭塞制式的基础上,着重对移动闭塞条件下列车追踪间隔控制问题进行了较深入的研究。建立了移动闭塞、准移动闭塞条件下的列车区间追踪模型和车站追踪间隔模型,给出了列车追踪间隔时间计算方法,并对最小列车折返间隔时间的确定进行了探讨。根据城市轨道交通中运行车辆的基本特性,应用MATLAB对列车追踪间隔时间进行了仿真,通过仿真进一步说明了移动闭塞的优越性。(4)研究了基于无线扩频技术的列车定位方法。分析对比了目前使用的各种列车定位方法,指出了无线扩频定位方法的优越性。阐述了无线扩频技术的基本理论和扩频定位原理,给出了无线扩频定位系统的构成,并对无线扩频定位接收机进行了较为详细的设计。(5)研究了无线局域网(WLAN)在CBTC系统中的可用性及安全性。根据无线局域网的组成、特点、传输方式及相关标准,提出了CBTC对无线局域网的安全需求,建立了CBTC无线传输系统的模型,分析了无线局域网在CBTC中的可用性。对WLAN的安全性及IPsec协议进行了分析,将IPSec应用于CBTC系统,给出了基于IPSec的CBTC数据传输系统的安全设计方案,并进行了测试和仿真。研究结果表明,基于空间自由波传输的无线局域网在CBTC中是完全可用的,使用IPSec协议作为城市轨道交通无线数据传输系统的安全加强措施是可行的。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the nerve center of urban rail transit system, train operation control system takes on heavy responsibilities for safe train running with great efficiency and short running intervals and plays an important role in promoting modern management and improving comprehensive transport capacity and service. With the development of communication technology and especially the widespread application of wireless communication technology, the traditional mode of train operation control based on TBTC (Track-circuit Based Train Control) has evolved into the one based on CBTC (Communication Based Train Control).CBTC systems with full duplex, high capacity, bidirectional and continuous data communications between trains and wayside equipment can bring more accurate train operation control into effect for greater efficiency of train operation and have considerably diminished wayside equipment to save the cost and enhance transport capacity and safety. In recent years, CBTC systems have been a solution to train operation control system in many metro or light rail projects. Some existing metro and light rail lines in some major cities abroad have already been reconstructed by CBTC technology and CBTC systems have also been designed and adopted in urban rail transit in China. So the research and development of CBTC systems with our own intellectual property rights is urgently needed according to the development and application of train operation control system in urban rail transit in China, which is of practical significance for higher transport capacity and lower operation cost.This dissertation studies train operation control system in urban rail transit and focuses on CBTC systems and their critical technologies in order to provide the theoretical basis for CBTC systems developed by our country. The main contents of research are as follows:Firstly, a general analysis of CBTC systems is presented including the definition, composition, structure, advantages, IEEE Standards, principle, communication mode of the systems. The technologies of moving block, train positioning and bidirectional communications between trains and wayside equipment are regarded as critical technologies. The development trend of train control system in urban rail transit is also showed.Secondly, based on formalization modeling language Petri net, CBTC systems are modeled and simulated with CPN Tools. The simulation models of CBTC systems are created with Petri net in the aspects of the ground communication subsystem model of Data Communication System, model of on-board subsystem of Data Communication System(DCS), model of on-board subsystem of Automatic Train Protection etc. The simulation results of maximum delay of data transmission, relationship between standard deviation of mean delay and length of data frame and the speed control curve of ATP are showed in wired network on the ground of CBTC systems in urban rail transit. Thirdly, the modeling and simulation of the technology of moving block in urban rail transit is considered. On the basis of comparison among fixed block, quasi moving block and moving block, the problem of intervals control of train tracing has emphatically studied in the condition of moving block. The model of train tracing in stations and sections is created under the circumstances of moving block and quasi moving block and the calculation method of train tracing intervals with different signaling systems is provided and the determination of minimum intervals of train return is discussed. According to the fundamental characteristics of running vehicles in urban rail transit, the simulation for train tracing intervals is performed by MATLAB for further explanation for advantages of moving block.Fourthly, the method of train positioning based on wireless spread-spectrum technology is studied. Compared with various methods of train positioning used at present, the method of train positioning based on wireless spread-spectrum technology has many advantages. The fundamental theory of wireless spread-spectrum technology and positioning based on spread-spectrum technology is expounded and the configuration of positioning system based on spread-spectrum technology is given. The receiver of positioning system based on wireless spread-spectrum technology is designed in detail.Finally, the availability and safety of WLAN in CBTC systems is included. After the analysis of composition, features, transmission mode and related standards of WLAN, the security requirements and the model of wireless transmission system of WLAN in CBTC systems are provided and then the availability is analyzed. Under the discussion of the safety of WLAN, protocol of IPsec, implementation of IPsec in wireless network of CBTC, the safe design of data communication system of CBTC based on IPSec is presented, which has been tested and simulated. The result shows that WLAN based on the transmission medium of free space waves is completely available and it is feasible to adopt the protocol of IPsec for greater security of wireless DCS in urban rail transit.更多还原