【作者】 王磊；

【导师】 周伟；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 公路网规划的实施不可避免的要占用大量土地、消耗大量资源,对规划区域的生态环境造成相当大的影响。公路网规划环境影响评价是战略环境影响评价在公路网规划层次的应用,能够在整体上考虑因公路网规划布局方案实施给环境带来的影响。公路建设项目属于非污染类生态影响项目,生态环境影响评价是公路网规划环境影响评价的主体内容之一,是评价工作的重中之重。通过系统的分析公路网规划布局方案与区域生态环境之间的相互作用相互约束关系,选择完善的评价方法,充分考虑生态系统的完整性,对公路网规划项目实施的生态环境影响进行全面的分析和预测,在评价过程中找到的问题的根源和保护目标,进一步提出预防性的生态保护措施,将有助于合理规划公路网,实现源头控制,避免或减少公路网建设带来的生态环境影响和破坏。本文在深入分析公路网规划对区域生态环境影响机制的基础上,对公路网规划生态环境影响评价方法进行了研究,提出了在宏观层面上四个评价角度进行公路网规划生态环境影响评价。以可持续发展理论、景观生态学理论、生态足迹理论与生态经济理论的支撑下,构建了公路网规划生态评价的三级评价体系,提出了从规划区域生态环境敏感性、生态系统完整性、生态环境承载能力以及生态服务价值损失四个层面评价公路网规划可能对区域生态环境造成的影响,并据此构建了公路网规划生态影响评价的指标体系。论文针对目前在公路网规划环境评价中对区域生态承载力评价上定量化分析上的不足,引入了生态足迹计算方法,分析了公路网规划实施可能对生态环境承载力造成的影响,探讨了生态足迹增量的计算方法。论文对公路网规划生态环境现状调查、影响识别、影响预测、影响评价等阶段的技术方法进行了探讨。分析了地理信息系统在公路网规划生态影响评价中的作用,提出了快速预测的思路,指出了基于生态影响评价的替代方案比选方法,总结了当前公众参与在公路网规划生态评价中的不足,分析了公众参与的程序,构建了公路网规划生态评价公众参与评价指标体系,提出了综合评价方法。论文的最后将本文提出的理论方法应用于河南省高速公路网规划环境影响评价中,用于检验其可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Road construction projects is the main cause of non-polluting ecological impact.It often possesses a lot of soil,concumes many resources and bring grievous impact to ecological environment. The road network construction has its inevitable influences on the ecological environment. On the Strategic Environmental Assessment level,Road network planning EIA can consider holistically the environmental effects from the distribution and construction of road network planning.Ecological Environmetal Impact Assessment is an important part of road network planning. Study on it can not only provide basic ecological principles and constraints for the road network planning,but also provide basis for planning EIA evaluation.The paper also put forward the the application of GIS on the effects prediction in ecology system,ecologically sensitive area,loss of water and soil,wart environment,geological disaster and mineral resources and gave the prediction medels of each evaluation elements.Under the support of the theories of sustainable development,landscape ecology,ecological footprint and ecology economics,the paper constructs a "four-level"appraisal system which includes environment suitability evaluation,environment sensitivity evaluation,ecological footprint anlalysis and environment eco-system threshold value evaluation,and then it established the index systems of the "four-level"appraisal system.Therefore it gave out the evaluation indexes in the areas of soil resources,ecologically sensitive area,loss of water and soil,water environment,geological disaster and mineral resources.Concept and characteristic of alterntive of road network planning are summaried, and modes,theories,principles,procedure and contents of alternative of road network planning are demonstrated.The paper concluded the current shortage in public participation, analyzed the process of ecological environment public participation.Besides,the theories and methods studied in this essay studied were applied to the Express Way Network Planning of Henan Province to test its feasibility.更多还原