【作者】 刘凯；

【导师】 王选仓；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 道路材料科学与工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 冬天或者冰寒地区的道路结冰、积雪严重影响国家的交通、经济、以及正常的户外活动和工作,同时成为交通事故率增长的主要因素之一。世界各国为解决冬天道路结冰、积雪这一难题,作了大量研究,探索出许多抑制、控制和消除冰雪的技术和方法,但这些方法大多存在效率低、费用高、易腐蚀环境和破坏道路设施、适用范围小、能量消耗大、循环可持续性较差等缺点,近年来人们越来越关注和追捧更有发展前途、环保节能、可持续性利用的太阳能融冰雪技术。在该领域,太阳能系统技术、道路融雪传热模型和计算、试验示范工程都被各国学者进行了一定程度的研究,但对融雪(冰)特殊路面结构和材料方面的研究几乎没有,针对不同方案的融雪路面力学性能研究(试验和数值模拟计算)更是知之甚少,故进行上述研究是推广太阳能技术(储存、转换、控制)应用到道路融雪领域的坚实基础和充分条件。本文针对上述问题,主要开展以下几个方面的研究：(1)融雪路面组成材料性能研究。对三种面层材料的导热性能及力学性能进行系统试验和优化研究,根据力学强度、导热性能推荐融雪化冰路面最佳材料类型和组成；(2)融雪路面结构模拟试验。建立多种路面结构方案,完成单管小梁、隔热层层间力学性能试验,提出并完成小足尺路面结构板的模拟试验,为优选融雪化冰路面结构方案提供依据；(3)融雪路面升温模拟和融冰效果试验。进行小足尺板在不融冰和融冰条件下的升温模拟试验,并根据不同方案的融冰水效果推荐不同环境温度下的最佳(小)管网总功率,为工程应用提供判断标准；(4)融雪路面层间力学分析。推导了符合融雪化冰特殊路面结构的力学理论,完善了四层弹性地基上薄板的理论解,计算并得出了多影响因素与层间应力的关系及应力变化规律;(5)对融雪特殊路面的力学响应进行数值计算和仿真分析。建立融雪化冰特殊路面结构有限元模型,结合现行规范,从温度、荷载、耦合三个方面完成计算和分析,以室内结构试验作为衡量依据,得出路面能承受的极限管网加热温度、极限荷载、极限管网方案；(6)融雪特殊路面结构方案比选和优化。运用灰色理论和数据包络分析法,对不同方案的路面结构进行决策分析和有效性评价,从而掌握方案的优劣程度和可行性。本文全面系统对融雪化冰特殊路面结构与材料进行试验(材料、结构、升温与融冰)、模拟计算(温度、荷载、耦合对路面结构的影响规律)研究,得出极限状态下的管网加热温度、荷载和管网方案,研究成果为融雪化冰路面方案的选取提供科学依据,为太阳能技术的应用和推广打下坚实基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Icy roads and accumulated snow in the winter or freezing areas seriously affected the country’s transport, economic, and normal outdoor activities and work, at the same time they became the main factors of growth of the traffic accidents rate.In order to resolve the icy roads and accumulated snow, countries around the world made a lot of research to find out a number techniques and methods for suppression, control and elimination of snow and ice, but most of these methods have shortcomings, like low efficiency, high cost, corrosive environment and the destruction of road infrastructure, the small scope of application, a lot of energy consumption, recycling sustainability is very poor. In recent years, there is growing interest and pursuit for solar energy technology on melting snow and ice, which is more promising, environmental protection and energy conservation, sustainable use. In this area, solar energy systems technology, snow melt heat transfer model and calculation of road, experiment and demonstration projects are carried out by national scholars, but there are hardly any research on the snow melt (ice) special pavement structure and material, and mechanical property of the snow melt for different pavement (test and numerical simulation). So to carry out such research is a solid foundation and sufficient condition that is to promote solar energy technology (storage, conversion, control) applied to the field of road snow melting.For the above problems, this paper mainly to carry out the following studies:(1) Study on material properties of snow melt pavement. System testing and optimization study on thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of three kinds of pavement materials are carried out, the optimum material type and composition of the snow melt pavement is recommended based on mechanical strength and thermal conductivity; (2) Simulation tests on snow melt pavement structure. A variety of pavement structure are established, single-tube trabeculae test and interlayer mechanical property test of thermal insulation layer are completed, a small full-scale simulation test of pavement slab is proposed and completed, these tests provide the basis for the optimal structure of snow melt pavement; (3) Snowmelt pavement temperature rise simulation and ice-melting effect tests. Snowmelt pavement temperature rise simulation test on small full-scale slab is carried out under ice-melting conditions and not ice-melting conditions, (minimum) optimum total power of pipe network under different environmental temperatures are recommended according to different ice-melting effect of different programs, judging criteria is provided for engineering applications; (4) Snow melt pavement interlayer stress analysis. The mechanical theory of snow melting and deicing special pavement structure is derived, the theory solution of thin slab on four-layer elastic foundation is improved, relationship between a number of influencing factors and the interlaminar stress, and regularity for variation of stresses are calculated and obtained; (5) Numerical calculation and simulation analysis on snow melting and deicing special pavement. Finite element model of snow melting and deicing special pavement structure is established, combined with the existing specifications, calculation and analysis are completed from the temperature, load, coupling three aspects, according to indoor structural tests, ultimate pipe network heating temperature, ultimate load, and ultimate program of pipe network which pavement can withstand are obtained; (6) Comparison and optimization on program for snow melting and deicing special pavement structure. Using gray theory and data envelopment analysis, decision-making analysis and effectiveness evaluation for diferent pavement structures are completed, so as to master the degree of merits and feasibility of the program.Snow melting and deicing special pavement structures and materials were studied through tests (materials, structures, warming and melting ice) and simulation computation (the influence law on pavement structures of temperature, load, and coupled stress) in the thesis. The pipe network heating temperature, load and pipe network programs were found at limit state. Research results provide the scientific basis for the selection of snow melting and deicing pavement programs, and lay a solid foundation for the application and promotion of solar energy technology.更多还原