【作者】 戴学臻；

【导师】 周伟；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 交通工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 我国公路隧道的建设和管理起步较晚,尤其是对于高速公路隧道运营安全综合评价及运营安全管理策略的研究较少,实际工作中仍停留在定性判断阶段。为此,本文研究建立了一套公路隧道设防等级划分及公路隧道运营安全综合评价的定量化管理方法,对公路隧道运营安全预防性管理对策进行了深入研究,并开发了相应的公路隧道安全评价及信息管理系统,为公路隧道运营安全综合评价和科学的运营安全管理策略制定提供了手段和依据。本文从公路隧道运营安全现状出发,应用系统工程和安全评价理论与方法,对影响公路隧道运营安全的因素进行了深入的研究,提出了隧道运营安全设防等级的划分方法,给出了具体的评判函数和分级标准。然后,建立了三级隧道运营安全评价指标体系,并对指标的含义和测算给出了具体的评价依据和相应的理论方法,采用标度扩展法对参与评价的各指标进行量化处理,给出了相应的权重分配值。同时,以专家评判结果为基础,以模糊数学分析理论为指导,构建了隧道运营安全状况评估模型,实现了对隧道运营安全的定量评估。并以谷山隧道为例进行方法应用说明,为公路隧道运营安全预防对策的制定奠定了理论基础。基于事件行为特征关联分析、安全工程和统计学的理论和方法,在对交通事故的损失统计分析以及事故特征的分布及产生原因分析的基础上,遵循现行的政策法规、标准规范和公路隧道运营安全状况评价指标体系,从安全评价体系所涉指标机电设施、隧道主体设施、管理制度建设以及消防管理方面给出了相应的预防性运营安全管理对策,并就火灾事故应急联动救援给出了具体的应用实例。在隧道运营安全评价体系和隧道运营安全管理对策研究的基础上,提出了隧道运营安全预防措施决策框架,为参与预防性运营安全管理决策研究隧道的确定给出了理论支撑。最后,以江西省杨公山隧道为实例,结合前述理论,对其安全设防等级进行了划分,运营安全状况给出了评定,依据隧道运营安全预防措施决策框架对其各项指标进行跟踪检测,并就其问题进行详尽的分析,给出相应的管理和处置对策,成效明显。运用前述公路隧道运营安全评价的理论和方法,以及公路隧道运营安全预防对策的研究,基于.Net Framework框架,采用C/S与B/S的混合体系模式,应用微软最新的C#语言,以SQL Server 2000作为后台数据库,在充分考虑数据安全的同时开发了公路隧道运营安全评价及管理系统。同时,配合公路隧道运营安全评价及管理系统软件的有效实施,开发了相应的PDA智能数据采集终端,实现隧道日常养护数据采集的信息化。最后,在分析和总结国内外公路隧道运营安全管理的现状与问题的基础之上,阐述了管理机构组织建设及职能划分、安全管理制度建设。并对包括隧道养护作业安全、火灾监控、照明、通风、防火以及危险品运输在内的管理策略给出了详尽的实施办法。并对公路隧道运营安全管理手册建立的原则、目标、内容给予了详细的说明。提出隧道运营安全管理工作中,应在隧道管理机构建设、安全管理制度建设及管理策略方面形成规范的管理模式,以确保隧道的安全运营。同时,为保证隧道安全管理机构的有效工作、管理制度的全面落实及安全管理策略的执行,隧道管理部门应在上述安全管理措施的基础上,制定《公路隧道运营安全管理手册》,指导隧道运营安全管理工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 The construction and management of the China’s highway tunnel started late. Especially the research about highway tunnel operation safety evaluation and management was less, and the actual work was still at the qualitative stage. Therefore, this paper established the classification of tunnel fortification, proposed a quantitative way to manage about the evaluation of the highway tunnel operation safety, and developed the highway tunnel operation safety evaluation and information management system. It provided the means and basis for the highway tunnel operation safety evaluation and management.From the current highway tunnel safety operation situation, the paper applied the engineering system and safety assessment theory, made a In-depth study about the factors of highway tunnels safety operation, proposed the classification of tunnel fortification, and gave the evaluation function and grading standards. Then the paper established a three-level tunnel operation safety evaluation index system, and gave the assessment basis and theoretical methods about the meaning and measurement of the indicators. The paper used the scale expansion method to quantity the indicators and gave the corresponding weight distribution value. Based on the results of expert evaluation and mathematical analysis theory, the paper constructed the tunnel operations safety evaluation model and achieved a quantitative assessment about the tunnel operation security. Took the GuShan Tunnel for example, the paper gave a Methodological note, and Laid a theoretical foundation for the construction of the highway tunnel operation safety management.On the basis of the theories and methods about the behavioral characteristics analysis, safety engineering and statistics, based on the distribution of accident characteristics and the causes of traffic accidents, and followed the existing policies and the highway tunnel operation safety assessment system, the paper provided appropriate preventive measures to tunnel operation safety management from the aspects of the mechanical and electrical facilities, the main tunnel facilities, the management system construction and the fire management, and gave the specific examples about the joint emergency response fire. Based on the tunnel operation safety evaluation system and the study of tunnel operation safety management Strategy, the paper made the framework of tunnel operation safety precaution, supplied the theoretical support of participation in decision-making of preventive security management operations. Finally, the paper took YangGongshan Tunnel in Jiangxi Province as an example, divided levels of security classification, assessed the operation security and tested the each of the Indicators according to tunnel operator decision-making framework of the safety precautions. And the paper conducted a detailed analysis of their problems and gave the appropriate management and disposal measures.By using of the highway tunnel operation safety Evaluation theories and methods, based on the Net Framework, adopted the C/S & B/S Hybrid System Model, applied the latest C# language of the Microsoft, and used SQL Server 2000 as the background database, the paper developed the tunnel operation safety evaluation and information management system.Finally, based on the analysis of the current situation and problems of the highway tunnel operation safety management, the paper described the administration organizations, the division of functions and the construction of safety management system. the paper gave detailed measures for tunnel maintenance and operation safety, fire control, lighting, ventilation and fire and dangerous goods transport management strategy. The paper also gave a detailed explanation about the principles, objectives, content of the highway tunnel operation safety management manual. Standardized management model should be formed in tunnel administration construction, tunnel safety management system and management strategies. To ensure the effective work of the tunnel administration and the full implementation of management and safety policy, the tunnel management departments should formulate "Safety Management Manual operation of highway tunnels" to guided the tunnel operation Safety Management.更多还原