民族主义与近代中国民族理论

【作者】 张淑娟；

【导师】 王希恩；

【作者基本信息】 中国社会科学院研究生院 ， 民族学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 从学术发展史的角度来看,民族理论的基础是由民族主义对民族现象、民族问题与民族过程的阐述奠定的。本文以西方民族主义理论对近代中国民族理论的影响为切入点,通过对民族主义的逻辑展开过程的叙述呈现了近代中国民族理论的基本内容。近代中国民族理论的一个明显特点是将民族现象与民族过程的解释和阐发奠定在中国所面临的民族问题基础之上。近代中国面临的最大课题是按照主权国家增生和扩展的逻辑实现民族独立,构建民族国家。而这两点正是民族主义的基本诉求,民族主义原则从而成为近代中国民族理论的源头,也因为其特殊的关怀成为民族理论的核心。清末民国时期的民族理论始终以民族主义诉求为基本线索。与中国民族国家构建过程相适应,民族主义的目标分为两个层面:一是民族独立,一是民族建设,二者相辅相成。民族独立是民族建设的前提条件,民族建设是民族独立的必然结果。论文第一章论证了民族主义对近代中国民族理论的基础性作用,第二章“民族自强和振兴的理论”与第三章“争取民族解放和维护民族独立的基本策略”说明了民族自立、自强是实现民族解放和民族独立的必要步骤;第四章“关于民族形成理论及‘中华民族’内涵的确立”以及第五章“民族国家构建的思路”中主要阐述了民族建设问题,其中第四章是理论建构,而在制度安排上的主张和政治实践则由第五章具体展开。中国近代历史的发展表明中国既摆脱了西方民族主义理论“一族一国”的束缚,也克服了中国传统中根深蒂固的“族类”观念,中国共产党在领导中华民族实现民族独立的同时,也用民族区域自治制度的理论和实践丰富和发展了马克思主义民族理论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nationalism mainly explores national problems, ethnic phenomena and ethnic process, which lays a foundation for ethno-national theory. The dissertation begins with analyzing the impact of western nationalism theory on modern Chinese ethno-national theory, and presents primary contents of modern Chinese ethno-national theory by means of the logical interpretation of nationalism.Because of the particular national situation of modern China, one of the distinctions of Chinese ethno-national theory was that the explanation and exploration of ethnic phenomena and ethnic process was based on the practical national problems which China confronted. But the most significant project confronting modern China was to realize national independence and to build a nation-state according to the logic of the sovereignty nation increase and expansion. The two points are the basic requirements of nationalism, thus the nationalism principle had become a source of ethno-national theory in modern China, and it was because of the particularity of nationalism that it had become the core of ethno-national theory.Because of nationalism theory catering to Chinese people’s enthusiastic psychology to save country, the ethno-national theory during Period of Late Qing and Early Republic of China took nationalism principle as fundamental clue. Adapting to Chinese nation-state constructing process, the target of nationalism included double aspects: national independence and nation-building, and both complement each other. National independence was condition of nation-building advancing smoothly , and nation-building was a necessary result and help of national independence.Based on expounding and proving that nationalism has a fundamental effect on Chinese ethno-national theory in Chapter one, this dissertation revolves around these double targets of nationalism: national independence is elaborated in Chapter two and Chapter three. The self-improvement and dependence on oneself of nation is indispensable procedure that people realize national liberation and national independence; Nation-building is mainly developed inChapter four and Chapter five. It is theoretical construction of the Chapter four, but the suggestions of institution arrangements and political practice are interpreted in the Chapter five. In conclusion, Chinese historical development demonstrates that China not only has broken away from the proposition of“one nation, one state”of western nationalism theory, but also has overcome the concept of“Clan”deeply ingrained in Chinese tradition and the barrier from culturalism. After realizing national independence, Chinese Communist Party has enriched and developed Marxism in practice by adopting the system of regional national autonomy.更多还原