【作者】 王彩梅；

【导师】 詹福瑞；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 苏辙作为宋代著名的思想家、文学家,其成就不仅表现在丰富的学术著作以及文学创作方面,其文艺思想也是非常独特的。他的文艺思想是同北宋丰富多彩的学术背景联系起来的,主要表现为以下几个方面。第一章,“文道观”,苏辙援佛道入儒、以儒释解老的的哲学特点,使他对“道”的阐释也就表现出融会贯通的特点。苏辙“道”的内涵是丰富的,一方面指事物的本原和内在规律,具有客观普遍性,这是儒、道、释三家之“道”相通的内在根据;另一方面,包括事物道器、有无的辩证统一,具有现实实践性,这是儒、道、释“三教”可以合一的共同基础。苏辙认为“文之为言,犹曰万物各得其理云尔”,文是来阐明万物的本质规律的,近似于韩柳欧“文以明道”的观点。在道与文的关系上,苏辙更多从儒家伦理道德和社会政治角度立论,道重于文。因而,重视文章的社会功用,反对不合时用的险怪奇涩的不良文风,主张学习两汉古文,写作语言质朴、条达舒畅的文章。第二章,“文气说”。一方面是指人之气。而人之气又是一个内涵丰富的概念。一曰浩然之气,也即通常所理解的作家的思想、修养。二气还包括以阅历为基础的人生经验。苏辙的“人之气”可理解为一种完满充沛、强而有力的生命体验。另一方面是指文之气。指文章表现出来的总体风格和美感特征。苏辙就“养气”的方法和途径作了说明。苏辙认为,养气的途径有两条,一是加强内心修养,一是增长阅历。将游历山川、接触人物与激励自己的养气结合起来,这是苏辙在理论上的首创。第三章,人情说。苏氏蜀学基于对“人情”本体意义上的认识,在探讨圣人之道及解读儒家经典时,都以人情为归依。以“人情”说来注解《诗经》时,苏辙重申了《诗》“抒发情志”的特质。《诗》是天下之人发泄情感,挥斥幽愤的抒情之作。苏辙在注解《诗经》时,注重文本,从抒情主体的角度阐发诗意,力求对诗旨的确切把握。在《诗经》从经学到文学的转变过程中,其《诗集传》起着承上启下的作用。第四章,作家论。苏辙在评判作家时,虽然也重视作家的艺术成就,但他更强调人格情操对文学作品气韵境界的重要影响,“文如其人”,是他文艺批评最重要和最常用的尺度之一。也是苏辙“文道”观“道”重于“文”思想的具体体现。同时也体现了宋人文论的一般风气。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a famous ideologist and litterateur in Song Dynasty, Su zhe’s achievements not only include abundant academic works and Literature creation, but also his unique literature thoughts. Su Zhe’s literature thoughts show several aspects, which are related to the ample academic atmosphere in North Song Dynasty. The first chapter is about“article Daoist temple”. The Taoism of Su Zhe means world essence and logic ,which is objective and universal, and includes dialectical unity of Dao and Qi(definite things) ,nothing and being. On the relationship between Daorism and Article ,Su Zhe said ,”Writing with morality and ideology”.He pays more attention on the role of ethics and morality and socio-politics. The second chapter is about“Literary Spirit”, which means Human spirit and article sprit. Human spirit is also named noble spirit, which includes the writers’thoughts and life experience. The article spirit means the general style and aesthetic character of the article . Su Zhe shows us the channel of cultivating one’s own spirit, which includes two ways——to increase culture and experience. It is a theory invention that Su Zhe combined his tour experience with article spirit. The third chapter is about human feelings. When studying Wang Anshi and analyzing Confucian classics, Su’s Shu School is based on human beings. When annotating the Book of Songs, Su Zhe restates that the unique character of poetry is to express emotions. Meanwhile Su Zhe focuses on the text, interprets the meaning of poetry from the perspective of lyric subject, and tries to accurately understand the major ideas of the poems. The change of The Book of Songs from Confucian studies to literature, Su Zhe’s poetry functions as the connection between the preceding and the following. The forth chapter is about the study of writers. When analyzing the writers, Su Zhe pays attention to the art achievements of the writers, but he emphasizes more on the significant effects that the personality has on the conception of literary works.“Like author, like book.”—is one of his most important and commonly used criteria for literary criticism, and also is the concrete embodiment of his article Daoist temple; meanwhile it reflects the general atmosphere of Song’s literary theories.更多还原