【作者】 徐峰；

【导师】 李蓓蓓；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 粪溺是中国传统农业中最重要的肥料,它关系着农民的生计,在传统农业生产中具有重要意义。同时,它也属于卫生问题,特别是在西方近代卫生观念输入中国后,粪溺卫生方面的含义得到了凸显。城市管理者汲取近代文明的理念,将本是由民间社会主导的粪溺清理纳入政府行为,并用近代公共卫生观念对之进行了规范。但由于农村大部分还处在传统社会中,农业经济还在传统的技术、水平上运行,粪溺在农村可用作农田肥料,产生经济利益。基于中国农业的传统,特别是农业生产的技术及水平,粪溺这种经济层面上的意义逐渐使之衍化成一种利益资源。在中国近代社会时常会产生粪溺纠纷,其原因表面上看似不同,但都涉及到利益之争,争夺的焦点是粪溺的拥有权(控制权),只不过在近代卫生的语境下,粪溺纠纷被表面上的“卫生”、“公共卫生”、“城市管理”、“城市文明”等话语所覆盖,其背后所涉的资源、利益的争夺实质,却被掩盖了。本论文通过还原出一副纠纷场景,从横向和纵向的交叉点探讨其产生的原因,分析纠纷产生的时代传承性及时代错位感,从而丰富我们对该类问题的理解,使我们在另一个层面加深对农业、农村问题的认识。更多还原

【Abstract】 As for the Chinese peasantry, the muckhill is the most important manure in traditional agriculture. As far as Chinese traditional agriculture productivity is concerned, manure is of vital importance to the nation’s economy and the people’s livelihood. At the same time, excreta belongs under the head of hygiene, especially modern hygienics imported from the western countries, the excreta highlighted the great significance in hygienic respect. The urban superintendents have absorbed the modern civilization ideas, and regained its right on cleaning excrement which original led by the civil community, and put cleaning excrement on the government right course, and then laid special srtess on the standard with modern public health ideas. Because most parts of the rural areas remains in the level of traditional technology, the agricultural economy also on the traditional technology, causing excrement as manure in rural areas has the economic interests. In view of traditional Chinese agriculture, especially agricultural productivity and its technology, making muckhill into the interests and resources.Muckhill issues often occured in modern society, the outside reasons are different, but its rooted in the matter that all the issues involved in interests. All the muckhill issues were focused on the rights about cleaning excrement, but in the context of modern public health. The ostensible reason for muckhill issues was coveres with "health", "public health", "city management", "urban civilization" etc. The essence of a problem is there is a great benefits behind the scenes.This paper writes a muckhill issue occurred in 1943. In the first place, the thesis analysed all the state of affairs which caused of the issue. Secondly, the thesis discussed the reasons which from intersection by the horizontal and the longitudinal facets. Discussing on this issue not only enriched our understanding of this matter but also deepened us comprehension on the issues related with agriculture and rural area.更多还原