【作者】 叶静；

【导师】 陈勤建；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 文艺民俗学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 从民间的视角考察文人作者与中国古代小说的文化生态,能够在老套的文学史叙述框架之外获得富有新意的理解；对古代文人价值观念中的民间立场和民间情怀作细致的研讨和分析,也能为现代的知识精英与底层写作提供可贵的历史参照。南宋士大夫洪迈(1123—1202)通过《夷坚志》的写作找到了文人与民众交流对话的渠道,作为这部小说集的采录者、编辑和出版人,洪迈历经60年不断积累起来的《夷坚志》不仅保存了南宋时期的小说文化,而且对后世的小说创作影响深远。本文以文艺民俗学的理论视域,通过对洪迈的民间立场、民间视角和《夷坚志》叙事方式的考察,试图准确地刻画出洪迈的文化性格,分析其文学观念中的民间倾向,描述南宋的精英文化与民间文化之间的相互吸引和相互碰撞,同时对《夷坚志》的民间叙事及其意义作出新的阐释。本文分五个章节展开论述：第一章绪论主要说明选题缘由,相关学术回顾和研究情况述评,对本文使用的主要学术概念进行界定,并说明本文的研究方法和研究框架；第二章主要通过洪迈的家世生平考察民间立场在他内心世界中的确立。相关问题主要是：他为什么会有民间立场,民间立场在他的价值取向、人文情怀等方面的体现,以及洪迈民间立场的特点。我们认为,洪迈的民间立场是在对“士”的理想的自我实现过程中建立起来的,其思想的主体部分是儒家的入世思想和经世济民的责任。第三章主要考察洪迈的民间视野以及《夷坚志》的写作方式,这是洪迈与民间的关系之一。我们发现,在洪迈的民间视野中,风俗、民间信仰、社会传闻都占据着重要位置：他善于观察现时的风俗变迁并作出历史的考证；信仰习俗对他个人的信仰观念以及生活实践发生过重要影响；对于充满怪力乱神的民间传闻,他热衷于搜采和记录,《夷坚志》的不断出版调动了民众的叙事热情,使民间文化的能量得到释放。第四章对洪迈文学观念中的民间关怀进行专题考察。洪迈所生活的南宋中前期是一个文学发生历史性转向的重要时期,精英文学与非精英文学之间的显著区别此时正在消解,各自的内部发生了一些性质上的改变,两者也能够互为所用。本章对洪迈在文学写作中的民间倾向和民间关怀进行了分析。第五章综合运用叙事学、民俗学以及文化功能主义的相关理论,考察《夷坚志》的民间叙事问题。本章结合与《夷坚志》同时代的相关笔记小说资料,通过对相同母题故事的比较,分析《夷坚志》在叙事视角、叙述方式、情节叙事等方面的特点,并在此基础上,对这部小说集的叙事特性作出阐释性的概括。在论文的写作过程中,笔者深深地感受到,在文艺民俗学的理论视域中去解析中国古代小说的文化生态和文人的创作方式,的确打开了一个全新的视角,对我们开阔文学的研究思路是颇具启发意义的。我们研究古人并不是单纯为了古人而去了解,我们更希望对今人有所增益。中国知识分子和所谓的“草根”阶层是渐行渐远,还是相互对话与沟通,取决于知识分子的立场是居高临下的审视还是真心诚意的陪伴。对于学术研究者而言,同样需要对研究对象真心诚意的了解,只有这样,我们才能提高自身理解和吸收民族文化遗产的能力,也才能在不断开展的研究道路上越走越宽。更多还原

【Abstract】 Exploring the author and cultural ecology of ancient Chinese novels from the folk perspective will provide us innovative understanding outside the old narrative framework of literature history. Detailed analysis of folk position and concern of Chinese ancient scholars’values will also provide precious historical reference for modern intellectual elites and the lowest class writing. By the creation of Record of the Listener (Yijian Zhi), Southern Song scholar Hong Mai(1123—1202) found a dialogue channel with the common populace. As the collector, editor and publisher of Record of the Listener (Yijian Zhi), it had taken Hong Mai 60 years’accumulation to finish this novel which not only preserves the culture of the Southern Song Dynasty novel, but also had far-reaching impact on later traditional fiction creation. By exploring the folk position, perspective of Hong Mai and the narrative method of Record of the Listener (Yijian Zhi) from the theoretical folklore stand, this dissertation try to accurately portrait Hong Mai’s cultural character, analyze the folk tendency of his literary concept and describe the mutual attraction and collision between elite and folk culture. At the same time, the folk narrative method and the significance of Record of the Listener (Yijian Zhi) will also be re-interpreted.This dissertation consists of five chapters.Chapter one offers a general account of the motives of our research, the academic review and definition of some major concepts. The research methods and framework we are going to use will also be explained in this chapter.Chapter two mainly explores the inner establishment of Hong Mai’s folk position through the analysis of his life background. Related questions are:why Hong Mai would hold folk position, the embodiment of this special position on the aspects of value and humanity and Hong Mai’s folk position characteristics. We believe that the folk position of Hong Mai was established in his scholar ideal self-realization process. And the main parts of Hong Mai’s thoughts are into-real-world Confucian idea and benefiting-people responsibility.Chapter three mainly analyzes Hong Mai’s folk view and writing method of Record of the Listener (Yijian Zhi). We found out that the customs, folk beliefs and social rumors had occupied important position in Hong Mai’s folk view. Hong Mai was good at observing and doing historical research of the custom changes. Folk beliefs had great impact on his personal belief system and life experiences. And he was keen on collecting and recording bizarre folk anecdote. The continuous publishing of Record of the Listener (Yijian Zhi) mobilized common people’s narrative passion and released the energy of folk culture.Chapter four focuses on the folk concern in Hong Mai’s literature concept. The intermediary and preceding stage of Southern Song when Hong Mai lived in was a significantly phase of historic literature changing. In this phase, the remarkable distinction between elite and non-elite literature had been in process of dissolving. There were some qualitative changes happened internally for each of them. And they could interact with one another. This chapter analyzes the folk trend and folk concern in Hong Mai’s writing concept.Chapter five mainly explores the folk narrative issue of Record of the Listener (Yijian Zhi) by comprehensively using the theories of narrative, folklore in literature and cultural functionalism. By comparing to other contemporaneous and similar subject of Notes Novel (biji), this chapter analyzes the narrative perspective, method and plots characteristics of Record of the Listener (Yijian Zhi). On the basis of this comparing, this chapter also gives functional interpretation to the narrative significance of Record of the Listener (Yijian Zhi).In the writing process of this dissertation, I deeply feel that the folklore theory do open up a brand new perspective and inspiring way for us to analyze the cultural ecology and creation method of ancient literati. Research of the past is not only for us to understand the past but also for the benefit of today. Whether the Chinese intellectuals will be alienated from or communicate with the "grass-root" class depends on the positions of the intellectuals are condescending look or sincere company. For us academic researchers, the study also needs sincere understanding. Only with this position and attitude can we improve the ability of absorbing our precious national legacy and broaden our ongoing research path.更多还原