【作者】 赵军；

【导师】 巢宗祺；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 程度量是一个量范畴,同时它又是一个语法·语义范畴。作为量范畴,它表达了外化性状的量。而作为语法·语义范畴,它一方面既要通过语法形式来表达语义上的程度量,另一方面,它有对语法形式的功能有一定的制约作用。程度量具有层级性、客观性与主观性、确定性与模糊性、动态性与静态性、固化性与连续性、一维性与二维性等若干特性。同时,程度量外延主要体现在语义、语法、语用三个平面上。而从典型范畴理论来审视,程度量的外延中的典型范畴则为模糊量、固化量、静态量、有界量。程度副词的内涵就是程度量的语法标记成分,其特征体现为：分布定位性、功能粘着性、语义模糊性。它可以用作状语来修饰形容词、动词及其短语、名词,同时还可以后置作补语。无论是用作状语还是充当补语,程度副词都是凸显了被饰成分的性状义的量级,从而表达出程度量。在组配自由度上,高量级的程度副词相对于低量级的程度副词来说更为自由。从历时的角度来看,程度副词的句法功能在逐步扩展。同时,程度副词与被饰成分之间也存在着相互选择的关系,它既体现为程度副词在语义上对被饰成分的要求,同时,被饰成分在语义上对程度副词也有选择性。由程度副词与被饰成分构成的程度副词短语不仅可以充当谓语、定语,还可以用作补语、状语,但一般不能作主语和宾语。形容词的重叠形式也是表达程度量的语法方式之一。从词法类型来看,形容词的重叠有构形和构词之分,而从结构形式上来看,又可以分为完全重叠形式、半完全重叠形式和不完全重叠形式。形容词重叠形式所表达的程度量具有丰富的量性特征。它是兼具显性与模糊性、固化性与连续性、主观性与情态性的统一体。同时,从具体的量值来看,它以表示大量为主,体现了数量象似性的原则。模糊量、固化量、主观量、大量都是形容词重叠形式所表达的典型的程度量。从形容词重叠的句法功能来看,它可以充当谓语与定语、补语与状语,但不能用作主语与宾语。形容词的重叠形式所表达的程度量具有一定的可变性。这种可变性主要是受句法位置的变化和主观性的影响而产生的。总之,程度量范畴就是一个表量的语法·语义范畴。本质上,它是一个语义范畴。而一旦这个语义范畴形成之后,它便对相关语法形式的语法功能有深层的制约作用,表现为程度副词短语、形容词重叠形式等不能自由地充当主语和宾语,同时一般不能被否定。这就是程度量作为一个语义范畴对语法行为制约性的具体体现。更多还原

【Abstract】 Degree quantity is a kind of quantity category, as well a grammatical-semantic category. As a quantity category, it expresses quantity of the external character. As a grammatical-semantic category, on the one hand it conveys the semantic degree quantity through grammatical form; on the other hand, it can restrict the grammatical function of the grammatical form to some extent. Degree quantity has a number of features such as graduation, objectivity and subjectivity, certainty and vagueness, dynamic and static, fixedness and continuity, one-dimension and two-dimension and so on. Meanwhile, the denotation of degree quantity is mainly reflected in the aspect of semantics, syntax and pragmatics. And if observed from the Prototype theory, the prototype category among the denotation of degree quantity is vague, fixed, static and bounded quantity.The connotation of the degree adverb can be defined as the grammatical marker showing degree quantity, which is characteristic of fixed distribution, functional adhesion, and semantic ambiguity. It can be used as adverbial to modify adjectives, verbs and their phrases, nouns, and as post-positioned complement. Whether used as adverbial or complement, degree adverbs highlight the level of degree of the elements which it modifys, thus expressing their degree quantity. In the freedom of collocation, degree adverbs which express high magnitude is freer than the one expresses low magnitude. From the diachronic perspective, the syntactic function of the degree adverb is gradually expanding. Meanwhile, there are the relationship of mutual selection between the degree adverb and the element it modifys, that is to say, on the one hand, one degree adverb require elements it decorates should be suitable in the semantics, on the other hand, decorated elements is selective to degree adverbs in the semantics. Phrases which are consisted of the degree adverb and the modified element can act as predicate, attributive, complement, and adverbial, but not as subject and object usually.Reduplication form of the adjective is also one of the grammatical forms expressing degree quantity. Observed from the type of morphology, the reduplication of the adjective comprises configuration and word-formation, and seen from the form of structure, it can be divided into complete, half-complete and incomplete reduplication forms. There are a large amount of quantitative features in reduplication forms of the adjective. It is an entity possessing dominance and fuzziness, fixedness and continuity, subjectivity and modality. At the same time, it mainly represents large number from the point of the specific quantity, which reflects the principle of iconicity. Vague, fixed, subjective and large number are all prototype degree quantities expressed by reduplication forms of adjective. In view of its syntactic function, it can act as predicate, attributive, complement and adverbial, but can not be used as subject and object. Degree quantity of reduplication forms of the adjective have some variability which is mainly produced by the syntactic position changes and the impact of subjectivity.In short, the category of degree quantity is a grammatical-semantic category. Essentially, it is a semantic category. Once this semantic category formed, it will have a deep influence on the grammatical function of the related grammatical form, which can be seen from that degree adverb phrases and reduplication forms of the adjective can not be freely act as subject and object, and generally can not be denied. This is the concrete manifestation that degree quantity acted as a semantic category has restriction to grammatical behavior.更多还原