上海手语类标记结构调查研究

【作者】 李线宜；

【导师】 龚群虎；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 类标记是一类物体的符号,是与位置、朝向、移动以及表情体态特征相结合构成句子谓语的一种手形(Rachel Sutton & Bencie Woll,1999)。类标记问题是手语研究中的核心问题之一,目前,语言学界对于上海手语的类标记结构还没有专门的研究。本文通过有针对性的田野调查,获得上海手语的第一手语料调查资料,分析选取其中包含类标记的语言材料形成研究的语料库,并对于语料中包含的类标记手形做了归纳和分析,增补了之前对于上海手语类标记手语的调查结果。对于学界有争议的身体类标记和工具类标记,本文给予了较大关注,提出在以视觉-手势为载体的手语中,身体类标记和工具类标记分别具有独特的性质和不可替代的功能,均可被看做一类独特的类标记存在第三章和第四章是本文的核心内容,文章运用认知语言学的观点和方法,尤其是认知语义学理论和Talmy关于运动事件的理论,对于上海手语中的类标记方位和运动事件结构进行了细致深入的分析。在上海手语中,存在事件中涉及的存在主体常常构成类标记复合结构中的类标记手形,这一手形与存在路径和方式同时编码在一起,来呈现存在事件。当事件结构中也存在其他的一些伴随动作时,伴随动作一般与存在事件呈序列性结构出现。对于上海手语的序列动词结构的分析表明：在不强调方式或路径的情况下,类标记复合结构中运动主体、运动词根和运动路径、运动方式等语素作为同时性语素出现,否则需要先以序列性的方式表达需要强调的方式或路径,然后才出现复合类标记结构。本文认为上海手语中的方位动词结构的不同句式与现代中的存在句在语义构成上具有某种一致和对应关系,并提出了在上海手语方位动词结构中存在着“嵌套结构”,后者体现了语言性质中的递归性：在表示存在事件时,当图形出现在背景之前时,在表示存在的宏事件中嵌套着与背景有关的存在事件,这也表明手语具有语言的普遍性质。本文分析了存在和运动事件中构建的真实空间,认为真实空间对于手语信息的表达和理解具有重要作用。另外,类标记结构所在句子的末尾常常对句子中的先行词(类标记所指代的对象)加以重复,其功能主要是为了避免歧义；在类标记结构前还发现了一些模仿真实事件中的活动的模仿性手势,其中可能包含一些非语言成分。而在语言表达中,对于同一主体,人们会根据凸显“图形”信息的不同来选择不同的类标记。更多还原

【Abstract】 A classifier is a symbol for an object of a particular CLass (CLayton Valli & Ceil Lucas, quoted by Rachel Sutton & Bencie Woll,1999). It is a handshape to denote a predicate when made in a particular location, direction and/or movement, or with a particular non-manual feature. As one of major problems in sign language, however, the classifier construction in Shanghai sign language has never been investigated as a special field.Firsthand linguistic data on Shanghai sign language has become available through extensive targeted field survey and formed the corpus that contains linguistic data bearing classifiers. classifier-bearing handshapes have been categorized and studied, which add much to the research of Shanghai sign language classifiers. A great part of the work has been devoted to controversial body and body-part classifier and instrumental classifier. Body and body-part classifier has been put forward as a special and irreplaceable function in sign language of visual-gestural modality and serves as a special classifier. Instrumental classifier and handling classifier should also serve as an independent classifier.The 4th and 5th chapters are the centerpiece of the thesis. On the basis of current research, both at home and abroad, and theories on cognitive linguistics, and theories on cognitive semantics and Talmy’s ideas about movement event in particular, an in-depth investigation has been made into the classifier location and verbs of motion and location in the Shanghai sign language. Given Talmy’s conceptual model that path may refer to the site occupied by FIGURE, it follows that, in Shanghai Sign Language, the core schema of BE1 predicates is "site"(i.e., PATHs) rather than "path" of the figural entity. The core schema, PATHS, is mapped onto the midlevel verb stem represented semantically as [BE1+FIGURE]. It is realized phonetically through a specific downward movement and its end point is a site (i.e., location in space). This core schema can further combine with the co-event MANNER to encode manner of existence or location.The analysis of serial verbs of motion reveals that verbs of motion often precede verbs of path and the manner of motion along a path can mapped onto verbs of path. But this kind of combination is associated with a subset of CLassificatory handshapes that highlight the legged property of the noun category.The Being event in Shanghai Sign Language has similar semantic structure with the existential sentences in Mandarin Chinese. There existing embedded structure in structure of verbs of location, which demonstrated the general quality of recursiveness of Language. In the expression of event of BE1, micro-event of BE1 is embedded in macro-event of BE1.This paper analyzes the "real space" constructed by the signer, which is essential to the expressing and understanding of sentences in sign language. The repetition of antecedent at the end of sentences in sign language functions on eliminating ambiguity of the reference of classifier in a sentence. There are also some "imitating-signs" that imitate the real activity usually precedes a classifier predicate and may contain some pre-language components. The focus on information of speakers is usually involved in the selection of classifier.更多还原