村落社区视野下的少数民族政治认同研究

【作者】 王茂美；

【导师】 浦兴祖；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 中外政治制度， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 政治认同是政治体系正常运行的合法性基础,人类政治建构无不以获取政治认同为主要目标,其中国家认同是政治认同的最高表现形式。当今世界几乎所有国家都由多民族组成,少数民族与国家之间的冲突屡见不止,与此同时,不少少数民族也实现了与国家的融合共处。少数民族与国家之间的冲突或融合,反映着政治认同的不同状况。少数民族与国家之间相互融合的政治认同状态如何形成?如何构建与完善多民族国家的政治认同整合机制,这是本研究试图回答的问题。政治认同的形成是认同主体、认同客体及相关因素的“三位一体”互动过程,认同主体以一定的政治认知、政治情感、政治评价、政治态度和行为支持,体现着对政治体系的认同状况。认同客体由政治价值理念、政治制度规范、政治组织机构和相应的政治行为四个层面构成,它们既是政治认同的具体对象与内容,也是影响政治认同形成的重要因素。认同主体生存环境中的经济发展、历史文化传统、社会因素等也对其政治认同的形成起着不可替代的作用。以上理论逻辑成为本研究的基本分析框架。政治认同的形成与认同主体的政治实践及生存环境密不可分,本研究以村落社区为视角,对少数民族的政治认同进行系统研究也正是基于此。村落社区在少数民族生活中具有基础性地位,承担着多种功能,社区自治体系是大部分少数民族成员参与政治生活的主要场域。社区自治体系是国家与社区上下互动的建构结果,社区是国家中的社区,国家是由社区组成的国家,由此决定了社区层面的政治认同与国家层面的政治认同之间的辨证关系。本研究结合云南少数民族政治认同状况的实证调查材料,分析了少数民族在社区层面与国家层面的政治认同状态,在此基础上,探讨了村落社区层面的政治认同与国家认同之间的关系。政治建构是政治认同形成的直接影响因素,少数民族政治建构中的价值理念基础、制度规范安排、组织机构设置、少数民族干部培养和政治建构方式与途径等,从不同层面影响着少数民族政治认同的形成。少数民族村落中的经济、社会、历史文化传统等非政治因素,是少数民族政治认同形成过程中不可忽视的重要因素,它们构成少数民族政治认同形成的社会文化基础。国家认同是政治认同的最高形式,本研究进一步对多民族国家政治认同整合机制的建构与实践提出了思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Political identity is the foundation of political legitimacy for any functioning political system and the primary goal of political constructions is to win people’s support for the political system with national identity as the highest manifestation of it. Almost all the nation states worldwide are constituted by different ethnic groups, and the conflicts between ethnic minorities and State is not uncommon; meanwhile there are also cases of merge and coexistence, which are reflections of various situations of political identity. How the coexistence between ethnic minority and State comes into being? How to construct and improve the integrated mechanism of political identity in a multi-national state? The issue will be answered in this study. Political identity is the combined effect of subject, political system, and other relevant factors. The situation of political identity is reflected by people’s political cognition, political emotion, political comment, political attitude and supportive behavior to the political system. The political system consists of political value, political institution, political organization and corresponding political behavior, which are not only the content of political identity, but also the influencing factors of political identity. The economic development, historical and cultural tradition, and social factors so on, existing in people’s living environment, play an indispensable role in the formation of political identity. The above theoretical logic is the basic analytical framework of the study.People’s political identity is inseparable from their political experience and living environment, it is important to study the political identity of ethnic minority from the perspective of village community. Village community holds a fundamental position in the life of many ethnic minorities, and carries out a variety of functions, and it’s the site where many ethnic minorities realize their political participation in the community’s self-government system. The community’s self-government system is constructed by the interaction between State and community, the two are dependent on each other and lead to the dialectical relations between community identity and national identity. The study inspects the political identity of ethnic minorities to their communities and the State with the empirical investigations of Yunnan province, and analyzes the relationship between the two kinds of political identity. The political construction makes quite an impact on the formation of political identity, which influences the formation of political identity of ethnic minorities in terms of political value, political institution, political organization, training of minority cadres and the way of political construction. Being the social and cultural foundation in forming ethnic minorities’ political identity, some non-political factors in the ethnic minority villages such as economy, society and historical and cultural traditions can not be ignored. National identity is the highest manifestation of political identity, so the study explores the integrated mechanism of political identity in a multi-national state.更多还原