【作者】 朱敏；

【导师】 张乐天；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 社会学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 本文是皖中G乡的经验研究。文章试图以个体化为分析概念解释乡镇治理的变迁过程和治理困境,重点考察农村社会个体化与乡镇治理之间的磨合关系。本文首先讨论了学术界对乡镇治理与乡村社会的理论认知,关注人民公社解体后乡村社会的转变历程,并评论了理论研究上的不足之处。根据已有的理论,本文提出并建立了研究假设,以安徽中部的G乡为田野研究地,检验研究假设。本文从国家与市场两个向度分析乡村社会的变迁动力,并操作化为农村社会个体化的三个阶段,即农田个人主义经营、权利本位和农村社会福利建设三个阶段。与之对应,乡镇治理在“变”与“不变”中演变为三个治理模式,即“汲取型治理”、“乡镇公司主义治理”和“项目型治理”。三种治理模式与对应的乡村社会的个体化阶段之间的磨合构成了乡镇治理的变动图景。本文的重点是通过文献资料、田野对话,检验农村社会个体化的三个阶段,并考察与之对应的乡镇治理模式。研究发现,在皖中G乡,乡镇治理模式并不是内生性的,而是乡镇应对国家与市场两种渗透力量并借鉴东部地区乡镇治理经验的结果。国家与市场推动了乡村社会的个体化和原子化进程,在汲取型治理模式中,乡镇面临分散的农村个体,乡镇治理演变为乡镇与农村社会个体之间的“直接对抗”。乡镇公司主义模式是借鉴东部地区的乡镇治理经验。皖中地区地方市场尚未发育成熟,乡镇公司主义治理模式的后果是乡镇的经营性负债和对农民生产自主性的干预。国家对乡村社会施行系列“托底”政策后,以民生建设为主乡镇治理演变为项目型治理,乡镇以项目争取为主,通过项目运作维持乡镇自身的运转,增加了乡镇组织的整合难度,农村社会风险增加。本文的研究结论是,国家与市场的双重渗透必将进一步推动乡村社会个体化进程,乡镇治理框架应在充分考虑农村社会自主性的同时,增加乡镇的整合能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation is empirical research on G township in Anhui. Focusing on interactional relationship between the process of individualization of rural society and the township governance, the author attempts to analyze the dilemmas and problems of countryside governance.Engaging with a wider literature on the topic about the governance of township and rural society in the first part, the author proposes the research hypothesis and examines it by the field work in G township in later part.State and the market changes rural society. The changing rural society can be operated into the three stages, namely, individualism farmland management,rights-oriented and rural social welfare development. Accordingly, the evolution of rural governance model changed for three models, namely, "extraction-oriented", "township corporatism governance" and "project-based management". Three kinds of models of governance and corresponding interactional relationship between the rural society and countryside government are the landscape of township governance.The dissertation examines the three stages of the process of individualization of rural society and corresponding township governance model through literature, field dialogue etc. The author found that in G township, township governance model is not endogenous, but the state and the market penetrate into rural society and learn governance experience from towns of Eastern China. State and market promote the process of individualization and atomization of rural society. In the extraction-oriented model, township governance evolved into "direct confrontation", township corporatism governance model is the reference in eastern regional rural governance experience. The local market in Anhui is not mature, the consequences of corporatism governance model is the rural debt and the intervention of countryside government into the autonomy of farmers.During of the national implementation of rural social policy to the people’s livelihood construction, the township governance model is the project management, through which the project operation, township governance maintain the operation of township itself, increasing the difficulty of integration of township.This research concluded that both the state and the market will further promote the process of individualization of rural society, rural governance framework should take full account of the autonomy of the rural community, while increasing the ability to integrate town.更多还原