【作者】 龚声武；

【导师】 李夕兵；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 安全管理工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 在我国工矿商贸企业发生的各类生产安全伤亡事故中,矿山事故约占36.2%,矿山事故频发已成为制约我国安全生产的“瓶颈”。为此,世界各国围绕矿山事故预防与控制展开了深入研究。然而,过去的研究主要集中在矿山职业危害的预防与控制方面,针对人的行为控制的研究相对较少,而从事故统计分析出发,将矿山危害控制和安全培训结合起来开展研究的则甚少。本文正是基于上述问题对矿山危险性控制和安全培训体系构建进行了理论分析和研究。根据全面搜集的2002-2009年我国生产安全伤亡事故统计资料,统计分析了矿山伤亡事故发生的规律,探讨了我国矿山事故数量和死亡人数的发展趋势、不同所有制矿山企业与矿山事故数量之间的关系、矿山事故的主要类型、矿山事故与月份季节的关系以及矿山事故产生的原因等问题,得出了相应结论；采用事故致因理论分析了我国矿山的主要职业危害及其产生的原因,提出了相应的控制措施和对策。这些研究为矿山危险性控制和安全培训体系构建研究奠定了基础。运用两类危险源理论分别辨识了地下煤矿和地下非煤矿山的重大危险源,结合矿山事故统计分析结果,确定了煤矿与非煤矿山的重大危险源：以矿山生产中的两大危险源-竖井提升运输和煤矿瓦斯爆炸为实例,构建了基于AHP的模糊数学竖井提升系统危险源综合评价模型,建造了瓦斯爆炸事故树,并分别进行了数学解算,得出的结论与矿山生产实际相符；同时,根据上述评价结果就矿山危险性控制提出了相应对策。这些研究明确了矿山危险性控制的主要方向,为危险源评价与控制理论研究提供了一种新的思路和新的方法,对实现矿山安全生产有重要意义。根据我国矿山生产安全事故的统计分析,确定了人因是导致矿山事故的主要原因；文章应用安全行为科学的理论,研究和分析了影响人的不安全行为的因素、矿山重大危险中的不安全行为及其产生原因,探讨了不安全行为对矿山生产安全的影响,提出了人的不安全行为的控制对策；从安全培训的角度,针对矿山从业人员的不安全行为,提出了矿山管理人员和作业人员培训内容侧重点。人因问题研究,对于构建矿山安全培训体系、实施矿山安全培训,全面提高矿山从业人员素质意义重大。以煤矿安全培训为样本,研究了我国矿山安全培训的形成过程,根据不同时期在矿山安全培训地位确立上的作用,将我国矿山安全培训划分成6个发展阶段；分析了我国安全生产培训体系,研究了国家对安全培训机构实施分级管理的具体内涵,绘制了一、二级安全培训机构属地分布图。探讨了我国矿山安全培训存在的主要问题,归纳了矿山各类从业人员的培训内容和考核标准；介绍了几个发达国家安全培训开展的情况及其共同特点。为构建高效的矿山安全培训体系以及体系运行机制提供了很好的借鉴。结合我国矿山安全生产特点,根据我国矿山安全培训的特点和规律,初步建构了我国矿山安全培训体系模型；研究了矿山安全培训过程控制的各个环节及其运行机制,以某培训机构金属非金属矿山企业主要负责人培训为案例,分析了培训实施过程中的问题,提出了改进的方法；引入现代学习理论和行为科学教育思想,分析了提高矿山安全培训针对性和实效性的途径,提出了相应的对策措施；借用信息论中熵的概念,运用模糊综合评价方法对某培训机构金属非金属矿山企业主要负责人的培训质量进行了定量解算,得出的结论与实际相一致。综上所述,本文的研究对于预防和控制矿山危险性,构建高效可行的矿山安全培训体系,改进矿山安全培训方法,提高矿山安全培训的实效,实现矿山安全生产具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mining accidents accounted for about 36.2% in all kinds of security casualties in Chinese industrial, mining and trading enterprises. The frequent mining accidents have been the "bottleneck" of our national security production. Therefore, careful studies on the prevention and control of mining accidents have been carried out all over the world. However, previous studies were focused on the prevention and control of occupational hazards in mines. The research on the control of human behavior is relatively less, and the research combined the hazards control and safety training is rarely reported. Based on the above issues, the thesis is carried out to study the risk control, the safety training, and the training system construction in mines by theoretical analysis method.According to a comprehensive collection of the statistics of production safety casualty from 2002 to 2009 in China, the rules of the casualty accidents in mines have been analyzed by statistical method. Following relationships have been studied:the number of mine accidents in China and the development trend of the number of deaths, mining companies with different ownership and the number of mine accidents, the main types of accidents in mines, the relationship between the mine accidents with the months of the seasons in a year, and the causes of accidents in mines and some other issues. Some conclusions have been obtained in the research. The main occupational hazards in mines and the causes are analyzed by the theory of the accident causing method. The corresponding control measures and countermeasures have been put forward. These studies build a foundation for the mine risk control and the construction of safety training system.Major hazards of coal and non-coal underground mines are respectively identified and determined by using two kinds of hazard identification theory combined with statistical analysis of accidents. A hazard evaluation model by fuzzy mathematics in shaft hoisting system based on AHP method and an accident tree of gas burst are constructed based on two major hazard sources in mines as an example. The mathematical solution were counted, and the conclusions are consistent with the actual mine production. At the same time, the countermeasures to control the mining risk have been put forward according to the results of the evaluation model. These studies have clearly pointed out the main direction for hazard evaluation and control in mines. The theory provides a new way of thinking and new methods of production for the safety of mines. It has important significance in realizing the mining safety.According to the statistical analysis of the safety accidents in mines in China, it is found that the main cause of accidents in mines is human being. Based on the theory of security behavioral science, the influence factors on the unsafe behavior of human being, the unsafe behavior leading to major risks and the causes of unsafe behavior in mines are researched and analyzed. The effect of the unsafe behavior on the safety producing in mines is discussed. The control measures of humans’unsafe behavior have been put forward. From the perspective of safety training for mine employees, the focus of training contents have been proposed for managers and operators in mines. It is significant to do researches on the causes of human being for the construction of safety training system, the implementation of mine safety training, and the comprehensively improvement of the quality of employees in mines.Taking the safety training of coal mine as an example, the formation of mine safety training system has been studied. According to the role of mine safety training during the different period, the mine safety training process can be divided into six development stages in China. The safety training system of mines in China is analyzed. The specific meanings of national security classification management training institutions are researched. The distribution map of training organizations is drawn. The existing main problems of the training system are discussed. Various types of mine training contents and the assessment standards are summarized. The development and the common characteristics of several developed countries’safety training system are introduced. It can provide a good reference to construct an efficient training system and establish the mechanism of mine safety systems.The model of safety training system in mines has been basically constructed by studying the characteristics and the rules of safety training, combined with the mine safety producing features in our country. All the aspects of the control and operation process in the mine safety training are researched. The problems during the implementation of safety training are analyzed, and the improving methods are put forward in a training case for the principal responsible persons in metal and nonmetal mines at training institutions. The way to improve mine safety training efficiency and to make the corresponding countermeasures is analyzed by introducing the modern learning theory and the education, thinking of behavior science. Based on the concept of entropy in information theory, the quantitative calculation of the training quality has been carried out by fuzzy evaluation method in a case, and the conclusion is consistent with the actual state.In summary, this study has important theoretical and practical value for the prevention and control of risks in mines, for the construction of efficient and practical safety training system in mines, for the improvement of training methods and for the realization of the safety producing in mines.更多还原