【作者】 徐蒙；

【导师】 彭振斌； 徐力生；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 地质工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 目前,随着地下工程建设发展规模的不断扩大和大型水利工程的不断兴起,灌浆技术在国内外得到越来越广泛的应用。但是由于灌浆工程属于隐蔽工程,使得灌浆技术的发展至今为止还不很成熟,在灌浆工程实践运用过程中还存在理论落后于实践的情况,灌浆过程参数的自动检测程度更是直接影响灌浆技术进步。传统的灌浆工艺在现代电子技术、光纤通讯技术、数字化进程的影响下,越来越朝着检测智能化,控制数字化方向发展。论文通过理论分析,归纳总结,设计制造,并结合室内试验等分析研究手段,研究开发了新型智能灌浆、压水检测系统,确保灌浆检测数据的真实、有效。论文取得的主要研究成果如下：搭建了新型智能灌浆、压水检测系统主体框架,并对硬件系统和软件系统模型分别展开了设计研究。成功研制了高压胶套式油水隔离器,从根本上解决了浆液直接接触压力传感器膜片而造成压力传感器腐蚀破坏的致命问题。归纳总结吕荣法压水存在的弊端：①压水试验5米段平均渗透率,并不能明确表征在这段钻孔中包含着裂隙的数量和宽度及其形状如何。实际上渗流只发生在岩体裂隙内,裂隙宽度较大但数量较少的试段,与裂隙宽度较窄但数量较多的试段,可能有相同的吕荣值。②由于岩体浆径与水径迥然不同,其结果是试段透水率和灌浆量这二者之间的规律、相关性很差,有时甚至出现相反的情况。提出微分压水检测装置的设计方案,详细研究动量矩运动微分方程,设计涡轮流速仪,利用灌浆、压水室内模拟试验台,进行微分压水室内模拟实验。实验结果表明微分压水检测装置能很准确的找出渗漏点、段的具体位置和渗漏量。研究结果表明对于同一压水试验段,用吕荣法压水和微分压水法得到透水率相差甚远。分析地层抬动作用机理以及灌浆压力与地层抬动关系。首次将光栅技术应用于灌浆过程地层抬动参数的检测,研制了灌浆抬动传感器,该传感器与新型智能灌浆、压水检测系统相结合,实现抬动测量的自动化。它的优势不仅体现在结构简单、测量元件不易磨损,更主要的是测量精度高和连续性测量,克服当前这些测量装置存在的不能准确地、连续地反映地层抬动变化的缺陷,有利于促进灌浆全面自动设计系统输入输出通道接口电路,包括打印机接口线路、显示接口线路、键盘接口线路、模拟信号输入接口线路,给出了相应控制部分软件流程图。针对过去热敏打印机资料不易保存、打印贴片磨损快的缺点,改选用24针微型针式打印机与系统配套,同时解决利用单片机的汇编语言来控制打印曲线的关键技术。针对灌浆工程施工现场灰尘多、湿度大等特点,单独设计打印机的安装箱。根据灌浆现场电磁干扰的种类和特点,先后研制出变压器耦合式隔离器和光电耦合式隔离器,隔离器将电路的输入方和输出方在电气上完全隔离的电路,对消除现场强磁电的干扰和噪声,及消除通道之间的干扰,避免干扰混入输出信号具有积极的作用,同时使有用信号畅通无阻。隔离器不仅保证模拟信号的精确传输,而且可以保护单片机的A/D口不被烧掉。实验比较了变压器耦合式隔离器和光电耦合式隔离器隔离效果,结果表明在输入4-20mA直流电流为标准信号的情况下,信号经过光电耦合式信号隔离器的精度和稳定性明显高于原变压器耦合式信号隔离器。首次将光纤传输技术应用于灌浆检测过程模拟信号的传输,探讨光纤传输几何光学法,光纤传输的波动理论以及光纤传输特性。在传统传输模式的基础上,对光纤传输方案进行设计和比较,结合灌浆传输实际情况,研制电压频率转换、电光转换、光电转换的光纤传输系统。该传输方式不仅提高了模拟信号传输的抗干扰能力,而且彻底解决了人为改变传统传输线的电阻值大小,从而对灌浆实时采集的数据弄虚作假问题,确保模拟信号传输的中间过程更真实、准确。实验证明当输入2mV-5V的电压信号时,系统测量结果的相对误差可控制在5%以内,与理论分析的性能指标基本吻合,这说明该光纤传输系统达到了预期的效果。新型智能灌浆、压水检测系统能同时在线检测流量、压力、水灰比、地层抬动四个参数,根据实际情况,运用宏观吕荣法压水和微分压水两种方法检测地层渗透性,在国内灌浆、压水参数过程检测中尚属首创。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, with underground project enlarged and the water conservancy project prospered, grouting technology has been widely used at home and abroad. However, the development of this technology is un-mature now,which is directly iMPacted by automation detecting degree of grouting construction parameters,due to grouting engineering belonging to hidden project, and the cases of theory falling behind practice. Under the influence of modern electronic technologies fibre-optic communication technology and going digital, the traditional grouting technology is developping towards the direction of intelligence,digital. By theoretical analysis, summarizing, design and experiments,a new intelligent grouting and pressurized water detection system is presented that can ensure the authenticity and validity of data and has a wide application prospect. This paper is mainly involved in the following research achievements:Firstly,this thesis analyzes that how to build the main frame of the system and the systems model. In the project, high pressure gum type oil-water isolator is successfully made, and fatal problems that transistor would be eroded when cement grout directly touching were solved to the root.Secondly, disadvantages of Lugeon test are summarized:①The average porosity of 5-meter can not explain how many and how crannies are in the drill hole. There may be the same Lu Numbers in the two parts which is with little but wide canny and with many but narrow.②Results shows that permeability and grouting quantity of relevance is not significant due to the different physical behaviors from grout and water. In the new department of differential pressurized water testing, the seepage spots of dam can be accurately located and grouting quantity can be measured. The results of the study indicated that the calculating value of water flux by using Lugeon test is very far from by using differential revolution.And then according to analysing the rule of heterotaxis and the relation between grouting pressure and heterotaxis,the design and development of displacement sensor with grating technology is succeseful. Based on researches about analyzing and coMParing the working theories, advantages and disadvantages of current displacement equipments, the thesis demonstrates the superiority of grid-capacitance type such as simple structure, high-reliability,high-precision and automatic succession measure.Lastly, Input and Output interface circuits are introduced, including the printer interface, display interface,keyboard interface and analog signal input interface. This paper introduces the establishment of the hierarchical model in the software system. It analyzes the design of replacing thermal printer with 24 pin microprinter and how to print curves with assembly language. In order to enhance the dependability and reduce Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), two types signal isolators were successfully made in succession:transformer-coupling isolation and photoelectric-coupling isolation. It is found that strong electric-magnetic interference and interaction effect of many transistors transmission channels are effectively restrained and higher controlling accuracy and stability are possessed by photoelectric-coupling isolation.It is an innovation point that the fiber is used in analog signal transmission of grouting testing process. Based on the traditional transmission models, several fiber optic signal transmission solutions are coMPared. The fiber transmission systems is developped which is involved in Voltage-Frequency converter, electro-optical transformation and can process photoelectric signals. The system is powerful in function,simple on structure, reliable on work. Experiments proved that predicted and measured values were in good agreement. Relative error for predicted data (input voltage:2mV-5V) was less than 5%.In the new intelligent grouting and pressurized water detection system, four parameters can be deteceted on-line which are flow of water, pressure, density of cement grout (water cement ratio), and heterotaxis. And according to the actual situation, the macro Lugeon test and differential pressurized water test are choosed to detect the permeability in the system, which is a breakthrough in the field of grouting detection.更多还原