【作者】 邓红卫；

【导师】 周科平；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 地下水资源通常是与矿床耦合在一起,因此,在矿产资源的开发过程中,研究如何解决水资源的最佳开发、治理、保护、利用,使其在促进生态环境与社会经济协调良性发展中发挥最大的经济效益,已经变得非常重要和迫切。本文基于多个典型矿山地下水防治与资源化调控工程实践基础之上,着眼于“节能减排、和谐矿山”的防治水模式,采用灾害链与孕源断链减灾理论、岩体渗流理论、水文地球化学、计算机数值模拟等方法建立了金属矿山水害灾害链模型与水害孕源断链减灾模型、因水害引起的塌陷次生灾害的灾害链模型,地下水配置模型；揭示了引起金属矿水害内源的三个基本条件和外源的诱发条件以及岩溶致塌机理,分析了塌陷孕源断链减灾途径与地下水资源的承载力；开发了塌陷次生灾害注浆处治断链减灾防治水技术、地下水环境恢复与再造防治水技术、改良内源的防治水技术,地下水资源配置与调控技术,并把研究成果应用于工程实际,取得了实效。具体研究内容如下：(1)矿井水害灾害链结构与孕源断链减灾技术研究。应用灾害链理论,构建矿山水害灾害链；通过对灾害链源头特性的辨识,根据孕源断链减灾理论,建立水害孕源断链减灾模型,寻求最优的断链减灾途径,为防治水技术方案的制订提供依据。在分析某矿地面塌陷分布规律与塌陷活动规律的基础上,构建塌陷灾害链,开发出塌陷次生灾害治理的孕源断链防治水技术,通过工程实例应用,验证了其良好的防治效果。(2)基于岩体渗流理论,进行采掘扰动对地下水渗流环境的动力效应理论分析。在分析研究采动条件下顶板应力、应变的特征基础上,对采动与地下水渗流场的耦合效应进行研究。引入biot经典渗流耦合理论,分析研究了采动对地下水渗流场的改造,针对性地推导出位移特征量的计算公式,为地下水环境修复提供理论支持。(3)提出并实施“地下水环境恢复与再造的防治水技术”。以凡口矿、业庄铁矿、三山岛金矿、金翅岭金矿、望儿山金矿为例,通过对各矿地下水渗流场的数值模拟与边界条件概化,综合运用岩石力学理论、岩体扰动渗流理论推导相关的应力、应变方程、渗流方程,通过计算机数值模拟,确定了地下水环境恢复与再造技术的对应参数,并指导现场试验与工程实施,综合评价均取得显著效果。(4)地下水资源配置与调控技术研究。引入力学中的承载力概念,理论分析地下水资源承载力,分析表征地下水资源系统的特征值及其属性；利用水文地球化学原理与计算机模拟技术,对三山岛金矿坑水进行预测与分类,计算出该矿地下水资源的风险特征值；基于权值配置地下水资源配置模型,建立了云锡老厂矿区地下水资源配置模型,规划出该矿具体的地下水调控措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Groundwater resources usually couple with deposit. On the process of mineral exploitation, study on how to solve the optimal exploitation, treatment, protection and utilization of water resources, making it realize its maximum economic benefit on promoting the harmonious development of ecological environment and social economy, become very pressing and significant. The paper based on groundwater prevention and resource regulation of multiple typical mines and engineering application, according to "energy-saving and emission reduction, harmonious mine "water protection and treatment pattern, applying disaster chain and source chain-cutting disaster mitigation theory, rock seepage theory, hydrogeochemistry, computer numerical simulation to establish metal mine water disaster chain model and water disaster chain-cutting disaster mitigation model, collapse secondary disaster chain model caused by water disaster and groundwater resource configuration model.The three basic endogenous conditions and the exogenous predisposing conditions of metal mine groundwater, and mechanism of karst-induced collapse are revealed. At the same time,collapse source chain-cutting disaster mitigation measures and the carrying capacity of groundwater resources are analyzed. Water protection technology which uses grouting treatment of chain-cutting disaster mitigation to govern collapse secondary disasters, water protection technology of groundwater environment restoration and recreation and inner source amelioration, groundwater resources configuration and regulation technology are developed and the research achievements are applied to engineering practice. Detailed research content is as follows:(1)Technology study on mine water disaster chain structure and source chain-cutting disaster mitigation. Mine water disaster chain could be established through applying disaster chain theory; by recognizing the characters of disaster chain source, water disaster source chain-cutting disaster mitigation model is established according to source chain-cutting theory, finding out the optimal chain-cutting disaster method and providing evidences for constituting water protection technology scheme. After analyzing some area ground collapse distribution regulation and action regulation in a mine, collapse disaster chain was established, and source source chain-cutting water protection technology research to manage collapse secondary disaster was put forward and proved that the water effect is satisfactory by engineering practice.(2) Theoretical analysis on dynamic effect of exploitation disturbance to water seepage environment predicated on rock seepage theory. Based on analysis on the characters of roof stress and strain on the condition of mining deformation, coupling effect of mining deformation and groundwater seepage is studied. BIOT classic seepage coupling theory was introduced, analyzing the reconstruction of mining deformation to groundwater seepage, and calculation formula of displacement characteristics was deduced, which provides the theoretical support for restoring groundwater environment.(3)Put forward and carry out "water protection technology based on the groundwater environment restoration and recreation".Take Fankou mine, Yezhuang iron mine, Sanshandao Gold mine, Jinchiling Gold mine and Wangershan Gold mine as examples, by numerical stimulation of groundwater seepage field of these mines and boundary condition generalization, comprehensively applying rock mechanics theory, rock disturbance seepage theory to deduce the relative stress, strain and seepage equation, correspondent parameters of groundwater environment restoration and recreation technology were made sure through computer simulation, and then direct practical test and engineering implementation and acquired magnificent and obvious effect.(4) Study on groundwater resources configuration. Bearing capacity was introduced from the mechanics and groundwater resource bearing capacity and characters of groundwater system were theoretically analyzed; Applying hydrological earth geochemistry theory and computer simulation, Sanshandao gold mine pit water was predicted and separated, and haphazard character value of groundwater resource was calculated. Based on weight configuration technology, groundwater resource configuration model of Yunxi Laochang mine area was established, and groundwater regulation measure was planned.更多还原