【作者】 陈庆发；

【导师】 周科平；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 由于矿山的一次开采,在次生应力和动力扰动的共同作用下,采空区隐患资源呈现出矿岩破碎、坚固性和稳定性差、应力集中、地下导水突水通道多等特点,用传统采矿方法开采,存在着开采难度大、安全性差,生产效率低,地质灾害隐患多,损失贫化率高等现象。本文从矿山大系统角度出发,以采矿环境再造和连续开采理论为指导,引入协同论,创新提出了隐患资源开采与采空区治理协同的矿业发展新模式。依托“十一五”国家科技支撑计划课题,采用理论研究、综合分析、实证研究等多种方法相结合的研究路线,对隐患资源开采与采空区治理协同的理论和技术基础及其工程应用开展了深入研究。(1)架构了隐患资源开采与采空区治理协同理论体系。从概念辨识上系统阐述了隐患资源开采与采空区治理协同的思想来源、基本概念、意义和本质内涵；确立了采空区协同利用的基本原则；构建了隐患资源开采与采空区治理协同技术体系；从采矿工艺和科学技术角度,探讨了采空区协同利用基本模式,并对其进行了系统分类；分析了采空区协同利用与传统空区治理方法之间的辨证关系。(2)建立了采空区围岩系统协同作用非线性力学模型。在分析采空区围岩系统突发失稳的工程特点及其适用的非线性力学模型的基础上,建立了岩体地下开挖工程围岩系统的协同承载作用突变模型；研究了采空区顶板与人工隔墙的协同作用力学模型、挠曲线方程及系统失稳的突变模型；探讨了采空区协同利用模式的几何参数与力学参数的对围岩系统稳定性的调控作用,为采矿环境结构再造提供了基本力学依据。(3)研究了采空区协同治理过程与围岩系统力学响应规律。采用简化的正交分析法设计了数值试验方案,研究了采空区稳定性尺寸效应；探讨了采空区空间几何属性与协同利用治理模式的匹配关系,分析与比较了采空区不同协同利用治理模式下围岩系统的力学响应规律,并提出了对应的工程技术建议。(4)研究了复杂空区群结构致灾效应及诱导断链减灾技术。运用岩石破裂过程分析软件RFPA2D,对三类典型空区群结构的灾变路径与链源进行了仿真模拟,探究了采空区群结构致灾效应；建立了采空区灾害链式效应数学模型,研究了采空区群结构灾变链演化规律,提出了采空区灾害链式阶段划分模式和孕源断链减灾的诱导崩落协同治理技术方案。(5)完成了碎裂矿段开采与空区治理协同的实证分析与研究。在分析碎裂矿段的工程地质和开采技术条件的基础上,确定了隐患资源开采与采空区治理协同设计的指导思想和基本原则,创造了协同空区治理的采矿新方法,开发了单空区与多空区条件下碎裂矿段开采与空区治理协同新技术；基于采矿环境结构稳定性分析,研究了间隔采空场低标号充填体的合理充填高度及盈余空间的协同利用问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the affecting by the previous mining, under the interaction of secondary stress and dynamic disturbance, the hidden trouble resources affected by the goafs show some characteristics such as rock mass fragmentation, poor stability, poor obdurability, stress centralization and lots of underground watercourse and so on. Using conventional mining method mining the hidden resources, some bad phenomena appear, liking high risk, low production efficiency, most disasters and poor safety and so on. From the big system of mine, guided by mining environment reconstruction and continuous mining theory, synergism of hidden danger resources mining and goafs treatment was put forward as a new mining development mode by introducing the synergism theory. Relying on the Eleventh Five-year National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China, the theoretical and technical basises and its engineering application for synergism of hidden danger resources mining and goafs treatment were studied by adopt the research line combined with various methods such as theoretical study, comprehensive analysis, empirical study and so on.(1) The theoretical system of synergism of hidden danger resources mining and goafs treatment was constructed. From recognizing the basic concept, this paper made a systematic exposition of the ideological origin, the basic concept, the significance and essential connotation of the synergism; the basic principles of goafs synergistic utilization were established; the technology system of the synergism of hidden danger resources mining and goafs treatment was constructed; from the mining technology and science, the basic modes of goafs synergistic utilization and the systematic classification were studied; the dialectical relation between goafs synergistic utilization and traditional goafs treatment methods was analyzed.(2) The synergistic effect nonlinear mechanical model of surrounding rock system of goafs was built. Based on the analysis of the engineering characters of sudden instability of surrounding rock system and the applicable nonlinear mechanical model, the mechanics model of collaborative bearing load of rock underground excavation engineering was built; The synergistic effect mechanics model of the roof of goaf and artificial partition and its deflection curve equation and catastrophe model were studied; the regulatory effect of geometric parameters and mechanics parameters of goafs synergistic utilization on the stability of surrounding rock system was studied. The studies provided the basis of mining environment reconstruction structure.(3) The process of goafs synergistic treatment and the mechanics response rules of surrounding rock system were studied. The size effect of the stability of goafs surrounding rock was studied by simplified orthogonally analysis method designing the numerical test schemes; the matching relationship between the geometric characters of goaf and synergistic utilization treatment mode was studied; the mechanics response rules of surrounding rock system under the different synergistic utilization treatment mode was analyzed and compared and some corresponding technology suggestions were given.(4) The structure disaster-causing effect of the complicated goafs group and the induced breaking chain technology were studied. Using the RFPA2D (Rock Failure Process Analysis) code, the catastrophic path and the initial failure part of three typical the goafs group structures were simulated and the structure disaster-causing effect was studied; the chain-style effect mathematics model of goafs disaster was built and the evolution law of the catastrophic chain of goafs group structure was studied; the new chain-styled stages division mode and inducing cave synergistic treatment technology schemes as the chain-cutting disaster mitigation in the headstream.(5) The empirical analysis of cataclastic ore section mining and goaf treatment was finished. Based on the analysis of engineering geology and mining technology conditions, the guiding ideologies and basic principles of the synergistic design of the cataclastic ore section mining and goaf treatment were determined. A new mining method including the goaf synergistic treatment was created; the new synergistic technology of cataclastic ore section mining and goaf treatment under single goaf or multiple goafs; based on the analysis of the stability of mining environment reconstruction structure, the reasonable height of low-grade backfill in the interval stope and the synergistic utilization problem of the surplus space.更多还原