【作者】 许平；

【导师】 田红旗；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 恶劣风环境对铁路运输危害巨大,不仅损坏铁路设备、导致铁路网瘫痪,甚至造成人员伤亡。青藏铁路的格尔木至拉萨段正位于青藏高原腹地,气候复杂,极端天气事件频繁发生,给铁路安全运营带来严重威胁。研究解决包括新疆、青藏高原及东部沿海受台风影响地区等国内所有风区铁路的问题,确保恶劣风环境下的铁路运输安全,并尽可能实现铁路畅通,是铁路行业当前的一项重要任务。本文是在国家“十一五”支撑计划和铁道部下达的青藏铁路大风环境行车安全问题多个重点课题研究的基础上,针对青藏高原铁路风环境的特点,研究建立一套能适应青藏铁路特殊要求,从实时大风监测预警到形成列车运行速度限制指令、并能实现及时与通过风区的列车进行信息交换的大风监测预警系统,为列车安全通过风区以及大风环境下行车指挥调度提供有效决策依据和手段。针对青藏铁路沿线特殊风环境,确定青藏铁路大风监测预警与行车指挥系统总体设计思路,对格—拉段沿线风区子域划分及长距离实时风速采集、传输、存储技术,列车—大风—路况等多源信息融合与集成处理技术,风区列车运行实时预警与指挥决策技术,大风监测预警与行车指挥系统诊断维护与可靠性技术等进行了深入研究,提出了大风监测预警与行车指挥系统总体技术方案,构建了系统的主要功能模块。利用网络通讯与控制相关先进技术,在世界上首次建成辖域达1120km的高原铁路长大风区大风连续监测网络体系,集成了沿线大风连续监测系统网络、铁道部TMIS和TDCS系统网络、格拉段列车行调指挥系统网络,实现了整个网络体系所属系统间的数据高速、实时通讯功能。构建的西宁海量数据处理系统,实现了网络体系结构中所有系统的来源数据信息的实时储存与分析处理。对青藏铁路沿线各测风站位置及其辖域风区的风速、路况、列车等相关信息需要融合进行综合分析,建立了青藏铁路列车—大风—路况等多源信息融合处理方法,包括测风站位置—大风变化规律—路况信息融合,瞬时风—平均风—极大风—路况信息融合,铁路TMIS与TDCS系统信息融合,大风—列车气动性能—列车动力性能信息融合。通过上述各种信息融合处理,得到青藏铁路特殊风环境下的列车安全运行临界速度,进一步研究定出风速—路况—车外型与质量不同组合状态的列车安全运行速度限值。据此建立以车辆倾覆系数为主要运行安全评判准则的“决策模型”,即青藏铁路各测风站辖域内结合路况的各种风速—车型—车辆质量耦合、共计74880种工况的“工程化”限速算法。该算法实时计算出当前位于相关测风站辖域适合列车运行的“工程化”速度,成为实时预警与指挥青藏铁路恶劣风环境下安全行车决策的依据,发出限速指令,该指令通过列车行调指挥系统网络实时指挥当前列车以允许的速度安全通过其所在风区或至指定地点待避。研发了具有自主知识产权的高原铁路大风监测预警与行车指挥系统应用软件。包括高原铁路大风行车指挥软件、高原铁路大风实时监测软件、高原铁路大风列车实时限速计算软件、强侧风下列车倾覆稳定性计算软件、高原铁路动态编组监视软件、高原铁路大风无线传输控制软件、高原铁路大风数据处理分析软件、高原铁路大风实时预测分析软件。针对高原铁路恶劣气候下系统运行的高可靠性要求,实现了系统运行状态远程自动监测、控制以及故障状态信息自动储存等功能,构建了高原铁路大风监测预警与行车指挥系统可靠性运行保障体系,确保了高原铁路大风监测预警与行车指挥系统全天候高可靠性运行。高原铁路大风监测预警与行车指挥系统,自2006年7月通车不间断运营至今,经过两年应用考验,系统稳定可靠,已多次指挥列车停轮和限速,有效地保障了青藏铁路列车运行安全和运输效率,为预防青藏铁路大风危及行车安全提供了保障。建成的系统对风向多变,难以在线路两侧修建挡风墙的风区铁路,提供了一种保障大风环境下行车安全的有效手段,为解决我国所有风区铁路的行车安全问题奠定了重要基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bad wind environment endangers railway transportation enormously. It not only damages railway equipment, causing paralysis of the railway network, but also causes casualties. Qinghai-Tibet Railway from geermu to Lasa with complex climate locates in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and extreme weather events occurr frequently there, bringing a serious threat to the safe railway operation. The study solves Xinjiang, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the eastern coastal areas which affected by typhoons and all domestic rails in other wind zones. It is the present important task of railway industry to ensures the railway transport safety under bad wind conditions and try to make the railway unblocked. Based on the national "Eleventh Five-Year" support plan and some key research projects under the strong windy environment of Qinghai-Tibet railway traffic safety which was issued by the Ministry of Railways, this article establishes a series of winds monitoring and warning system for the characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet Railway’s windy environment. The system adapts to Qinghai-Tibet Railway special request, from the real-time monitoring and warning to the formation of speed limit commands for trains to run, and can achieve a timely information exchange of the train through the wind zone, in order to safe passage of trains through the wind zone and to provide an effective basis for decision-making and means for running trains command under windy conditions.The overall design idea is determined that wind monitoring and warning and running trains command system of the Qinghai-Tibet railway driving for the special wind environment along the Qinghai-Tibet railway. The thorough researches are made that include the sub-domain division in the ge-la section along the wind zone, long-distance and real-time wind speed collection, transmission, storage technology, train-wind-road and multi-source information fusion and integration processing technology, train running in the wind zone real-time warning and command decision techniques, wind monitoring and warning and driving command system’s diagnosis and maintenance and reliability technology and so on. The overall technical plan of wind monitoring and warning and traffic control system is put forward. The main modules of the system are built.The plateau railway continuous monitoring network system in long strong wind areas, whose scope reaches 1120km is firstly built up using the network communication and control related to advanced technology. The system integrates continuous monitoring of the wind along the system network, the Ministry of Railways TMIS and TDCS Network and Ge-La section Train line adjustment command system network. The whole network system of data between systems owned high-speed, real-time communication functions are realized. Construction of Xining Hai amount of data processing systems achieve a network architecture in the source of all systems of real-time data storage and analysis and processing.All measuring wind-speed stations’location along the Qinghai-Tibet railway and the imformation fusion of the wind speed, road, train and other related information in scope fetch are analyzed comprehensively. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway trains-high winds-roads and other multi-source information fusion methods are established, including the fusion of measuring the wind station location-the variation of wind-traffic information, the fusion of instantaneous wind-average wind-maximum wind-traffic information, the information amalgamation of railway TMIS and TDCS system, and the information fusion of the high wind-the aerodynamic performance of the train-the power performance of the train.By processing various information above, it gets the critical velocity of train operation safety on Qinghai-Tibet railway under special wind conditions. Further more we study and set limit speed of train operation safety under different combination formats of wind speed, railway condition, appearance of trains and quality. According to all above, "decision-making model" with vehicle overturning factor as its main judging criteria is established, which has 74880 kinds of working conditions totally. The algorithm calculates the current real-time engineering for the train running speed in the relevant wind measurement stations which becomes basis for a real-time warning and command of the Qinghai-Tibet railway under the harsh wind environment in decision-making based on operation safety. It sends out a speed limit instruction which conducts current trains to pass the wind area at an allowable speed safely or arrives at an assigned point to avoid the wind by the command system network of operation of trains.The paper developes strong wind monitoring and train traffic control system application software for the plateau railway which has independent intellectual property rights. It includes plateau railway strong wind train traffic control system, monitoring and warning system, real-time limit train speed calculation software, train overturning stability calculation software under strong side winds, train dynamic marshalling monitoring software, plateau railway winds wireless transmission control software, plateau railway wind data processing analysis software, plateau railway real-time forecast wind analysis software.For the high reliability requirements of plateau railway operation under the bad weather, the system realizes the remote automatic monitor and control and fault status information auto storage, constructes the reliability plateau railway operation system including the strong wind monitoring and train traffic control system, ensuring all-weather and high-reliability operation.Since been opened uninterruptedly from July 2006 up to now, the strong wind monitoring and warning system and train traffic control system of the plateau railway are stable and reliable after two-year trial operation. It has directed stopping train or limiting speed many times, guaranteeing the train operation safety and transportation efficiency effectively, providing guarantee to the operation danger of Qinghai-Tibet Railway when comes across strong wind. The system not only provides an effective mean to guarantee the rail safety under the condition that the direction of strong wind is diversity and different to build break-wind walls along rail lines, but also lay an important foundation to solve all of the train operation safety problems in China.更多还原