【作者】 毕林；

【导师】 王李管；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 采矿工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 随着信息技术的迅速发展,信息技术愈来愈广泛地应用于社会各个领域,传统产业的信息化改造与提升成为大势所趋。对于古老的采矿业而言更是如此,采矿业的创新发展——数字矿山成为必然趋势。数字采矿是数字矿山最基础、最核心的部分。我国在数字采矿软件方面对外依存度高,严重制约了矿山信息化进程。针对我国矿山特点和矿山企业对数字矿山建设的实际需求,开发具有自主知识产权的数字化矿业软件系统具有重要意义。数字采矿软件系统是一个庞大的巨型系统,其涉及领域广、层次深,实现难度大,必须采用总体设计分步实施的战略思想,因此,搭建良好的数字采矿软件开发与应用平台是最重要的环节。搭建平台是为了提供一个可扩展的开发环境和可视化应用环境,为专业功能模块的实现提供技术支撑。平台搭建主要涉及软件体系结构、交互机理、数据模型、建模技术与算法、模型分析与处理技术等方面的关键技术,本文从采矿软件的具体需求出发,着重对上述关键技术展开研究,主要内容包含以下几个方面：(1)对软件的体系结构进行研究。针对数字化采矿软件涉及多专业、多功能、需求多样性等特点,提出“层次式平台+插件”的结构体系,有效地实现框架和构件的共享与复用,实现专业功能模块的任意扩展,有效降低了二次开发难度。(2)在全面分析三维交互和二维交互各自优缺点的基础上,结合采矿工程设计的特点,提出了“工作面”的概念,确保设计人员在真三维环境下设计工作的精确性和便捷性。(3)在全面研究矿山描述对象构成、特点及数字采矿软件对三维数据模型的要求和地学三维数据模型的研究成果的基础上,提出了采用结构建模与属性建模相结合的松散型建模方案。结构模型主要是表征描述对象的空间几何形态,而属性模型主要表征描述对象的内部属性,实现了采矿设计的精准性和地质属性查询的准确性。(4)对数字采矿软件应用中所涉及到的结构建模关键技术与算法进行深入研究。提出了一种新的多边形区域三角化算法,解决了对存在“洞”、“岛”的多边形区域进行三角化难题,为矿体切割缝合、三维联通巷道建模等提供了解决方案；提出了一种新的三维空间实体布尔运算算法,有效的解决了数字采矿结构建模过程中大量存在的开放网格与开放网格、开放网格与闭合网格之间的布尔运算问题,通过采用OBB树进行三角形相交测试,大大提高了运行速度；改进了轮廓线拼接法和体数据等值面法以实现复杂矿体三维建模技术,有效的解决了算法存在的内存、速度以及轮廓线间距不一致等问题；提出两种基于中心线—断面三维构模技术：直接断面拼接法和平行帮线拼接法,从而实现两种井巷工程建模技术：局部建模法和整体建模法；通过重建线上三角形集的方法,解决了DTM在地性特征线附近出现台阶的问题。(5)针对传统地质块段模型存在的不足及矿山海量属性数据的存储和快速查询的需要,引入外存八叉树对属性模型进行管理,并对外存八叉树快速构建、查询及与结构模型的快速转换进行研究,通过将点在多面体内判定的三维问题转化为点在多边形内判定的二维问题,并提出虚拟八叉树的概念、引入八叉树的访问机理——游标技术,从而实现快速构建、访问外存八叉树的目的；采用半结构化格网(QUG)三维数据类型,实现结构模型不同精度要求的快速栅格化及属性模型快速、低内存区域查询与可视化表达。(6)对结构模型与属性模型相结合的三维模型分析处理和综合应用技术进行了研究,实现了矿体边界随边界品位改变的动态更新、矿山属性模型随地质属性进一步探明的动态更新、矿山三维模型的剖切、探测、体积量算等技术。本文的研究成果解决了数字采矿软件平台搭建过程中存在的关键技术和难点问题,为数字采矿软件的整体实现提供开发与应用平台。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of information technology, it is more and more widely used in all areas of society, the transformation and upgradtion of information technology in traditional industry become a general trend, especially for such an old industry as mining. Digital Mine, as the innovation and development of the mining industry will become an inevitable trend. Digital mining is the most basic and central part of Digital Mine. China’s mining software in high external dependence has seriously constrained the process of mining informationization. For the characteristics of mining enterprises in China and the actual needs of the construction of Digital Mine, developing proprietary software system of digital mine is of great significance.Digital mining software system is a huge system, which involves broad fields, deep levels and great difficulty in realization, and must be implemented step by step strategic thinking, therefore to build a good digital mining development and application platform is the most important step. The platform is to provide a visualization application environment and a scalable development environment to provide technical support for the realization of other professional function modules. Platform construction mainly relates to software architecture, interaction mechanism, data model, modeling techniques and algorithms, model analysis and processing technology and other aspects of the key technologies. From the specific needs of the mining software, the paper focuses on the study of these key technologies with main contents as follows:(1) The software architecture has been researched. As mining software involves multi-disciplinary, multi-function and diverse demands, the "hierarchical platform+plug-in" structural system has been put forward, which has made the sharing and reuse of framework and component possible, the professional function module be realized in any extension, and the difficulty of secondary development effectively be reduced.(2) Based on comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of three-dimensional interaction and two-dimensional interactions, combined with the characteristics of the mining engineering design, the concept of "work plane" has been proposed, to ensure the precision and convenience of design work in three-dimensional environment. (3) After a comprehensive study of the composition and characteristics of mining data object, and the 3D model requirements for the digital mining software and the research results of 3D geological model, a modeling program, with loose combination of structural modeling and attribute modeling, has been proposed. Structural model is mainly characterized by describing the geometry of space objects, while the attribute model is mainly characterized by the internal properties. This modeling program ensured the precision of mining design and geological properties query.(4) The key technology and algorithm exist in the structure modeling for digital mining software applications have been thoroughly studied. A new polygon triangulation algorithm has been proposed to solve the polygon triangulation problem of having "hole" and "island", and provide a solution for the ore body stapler and 3D modeling of laneway. A new algorithm for the boolean operations for 3D Model has been proposed to solve the issue for the boolean operations between open mesh and open mesh or between open mesh and close mesh, and the speed has been greatly improved by using OBB tree triangle intersection test. The contour splicing method and the volume data iso-surface method has been improved to solve the memory, speed and contour spacing inconsistencies and other issues. Two kinds of centerline-section modeling techniques was proposed, namely, direct section splicing method and parallel waist splicing method, corresponding to two kinds of modeling technology of laneway, namely, local modeling method and overall modeling method. The problem of steps occuring near the characteristic line on the DTM has been solved by reconstructing the triangle set on the line.(5) For the shortcomings of the traditional geological block model, as well as the needs of mass attribute data memory and fast query, out-of-core octree model has been introduced into property management. The technology of quickly building and query of out-of-core octree model, and rapid conversion between out-of-core octree model and structural model have been studied. The technology of quickly building out-of-core octree model has been achieved by transforming 3D problem of the determine point within a polyhedron into 2D problem of the determine point within a polygon, and the concept of a virtual octree has been put forward, and introducing the visit mechanism of octree-cursor technology. Semi-structured grid (QUG) three-dimensional data type was introduced to achieve structural models of different accuracy and fast voxelization, and to realize the fast, low-memory query and visualization of attribute model.(6) The analysis, processing and integrated application technology of three-dimensional model combining structural model and attribute model has been studied. It has realized the dynamic update of orebody boundary with changing boundary grade and the dynamic update of property model with further verified geological properties, as well as techniques of 3D model cutting, detecting, volume measuring and calculation.The achievements stated in this paper have solved the key technical and difficult issues in the process to build the digital mining software platforms, and provided a development and application platform for the overall realization of digital mining software.更多还原