【作者】 刘英；

【导师】 卢振武； 孙强；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（长春光学精密机械与物理研究所） ， 光学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 随着现代社会对轻小型、高性能设备的需求,衍射光学元件(DOE)日益受到光学设计者的重视和青睐。作为一种特殊类型的衍射元件,谐衍射光学元件(HDE)的单色像差性质与普通衍射光学元件类似,色散性质却介于折射透镜和普通衍射元件之间,这种特殊光学性能决定了其独有的应用价值,例如可实现多个谐振波段的同时分光和成像,为多波段共光路以及轻小型化折衍混合光学系统设计奠定了基础。基于HDE的成像光谱技术正是利用HDE的特殊色散性质来同时完成色散和成像的一种新兴多波段成像光谱技术。该类型成像光谱仪具有光谱分辨率较高、结构紧凑、重量轻、坚固耐用、性价比高,便于实现小型化和轻量化等优点。本文以衍射光学及红外光学理论为基础,对基于HDE的MWIR/LWIR双波段成像光谱系统进行了系统深入的理论研究和原理样机的研制;并利用原理样机进行了相关实验,获得了实验目标的光谱图像;实验结果和理论分析相吻合,证实了HDE在成像光谱系统中的工程可行性。本文第一章概述了DOE的应用与发展概况,MWIR/LWIR双波段系统的应用和发展前景以及典型成像光谱仪的基本原理和基本仪器类型;并通过光谱层析技术和窄带滤波技术的结合,实现了一种新的成像光谱技术,即利用HDE多波段轴向色散的凝视型成像光谱技术,从而确定了论文的总体研究方向和基本方案。第二章介绍了DOE的成像分光特性,指出了HDE作为一种特殊的DOE所具有的独特色散特性。第三章详细介绍了基于HDE的凝视型成像光谱技术的理论知识,完成了基于HDE的分光系统光谱分辨率和线分辨率的公式推导,给出了具体表达式。第四章深入研究了基于HDE的MWIR/LWIR双波段成像光谱系统的像差理论和系统设计,分析了HDE的加工误差对系统设计的影响;然后设计了在λ=10 m处分辨率为24nm的高分辨率系统和在λ=8.5 m处分辨率为72nm的中分辨率系统;并将中分辨率系统作为原理样机的光学系统。第五章详细讲述了基于HDE的MWIR/LWIR双波段成像光谱系统的定标理论,并确定了定标方案。第六章介绍了原理样机的工作原理,进行了原理样机的相关实验测试,获得了较好的试验结果,验证了基于HDE的双波段光谱系统的工程可行性。最后是全文总结和进一步工作展望。总之,利用HDE轴向色散的凝视成像光谱技术在理论上和技术上都是可行的,它还可设计为工作在紫外、可见、近红外及热红外波段的设备,用于空间监视、遥感、医学成像、环境监测等方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 To meet the requirements of the lighter, smaller and high-performance optical equipments in the modern society, the diffractive optical elements (DOEs) have been paid much more attention. The harmonic diffractive optical elements (HDEs) are one kind of special DOEs. Their aberrations characteristics are similar to the normal DOEs, but their dispersion characteristics are between the refractive lens and the normal DOEs. This unique characteristic of HDEs has many special applications. For example, used as a lens, HDEs can achieve spectroscopy and imaging simultaneously in multiple harmonic wave-bands, which makes it possible to achieve the multi-band common-path and design the small-oriented diffractive-refractive optical systems. To make use of the special feature of HDE to simultaneously complete the dispersion and imaging, the HDE-based imaging spectroscopy is among the emerging multi-band imaging spectrometer technologies, which has many advantages such as spectral high resolution, compact structure, light weight, durable, cost-effective, easy to achieve the advantages of small size and light weight. Based on the diffractive optics and infrared optics, this dissertation is to study the performance of MWIR/LWIR Dual-band Stare Hyper spectral Imaging System Based on HDE. The prototype of MWIR/LWIR Dual-band Stare Hyper spectral Imaging System Based on HDE is designed and constructed; the corresponding experiments are carried out; and the spectral images of the experimental goals are got through this prototype. The results obtained with this prototype are identical with those theoretical predictions, which corroborates the effectiveness and feasibility of the HDEs in the spectral imaging system.In chapter one, the development history and applications of DOEs, the applications and prospects of MWIR/LWIR Dual-band systems are reviewed. The basic principles and the corresponding equipment types of the typical imaging spectrometer are summarized. The HDE-based staring hyper spectral imaging technology is a spectro-tomographic technique which integrates over a narrowband of the image cube which is a new concept of imaging spectrometer. So the general research direction and the basic research scheme are determined. In chapter two, the dispersion and imaging characteristics are introduced. It is pointed out the HDE is a special kind of DOE with unique dispersion characteristics. Chapter three describs in detail the theoretical knowledge of the HDE-based staring hyper spectral imaging technology, complets the derivation of the spectral resolution and line resolution, then gives their concrete expression. Two different kinds of the MWIR/LWIR dual-band imaging spectrometer system based on HDE are designed in Chapter four. The aberration theory and design process are described, and then the influence to the imaging quality of the system due to the fabrication errors of HDEs is analyzed. One high-resolution systems with a resolution of 24nm at wavelengthλ= 10 m and one medium-resolution system with a resolution of 72nm design at the wavelengthλ=8.5 m are designed. Finally the medium resolution system is chosen for the optical system of the prototype. Chapter five describs in detail the calibration theory of the MWIR/LWIR dual-band imaging spectrometer system based on the HDE and gives the calibration method. In Chapter six, the work principles of the prototype are presented, the experimental tests are described. The results obtained have good agreements with the theoretical predictions, which verifys the prototype’s usability. Finally, the work is summarized and suggestions for future work are presented in Chapter Seven.In conclusion, the HDE-based hyper spectral imaging technology is feasible in theory and engineering. Operating at ultraviolet, visible, near infrared or thermal infrared wavelengths, binary optic imaging spectrometer is a practical image spectrometer for surveillance, remote sensing, medical imaging, law enforcement and environmental monitoring.更多还原