【作者】 张瑾；

【导师】 尚侠；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 日语语言文学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 小泉八云,本名拉夫卡迪奥?赫恩。1890年赴日,留下了与日本相关论著12部,被日本人誉为“日本文化发现的恩人”,诸多作品成为日本人家喻户晓的名篇。小泉八云对日本的认识经历了一个由表及里的过程。从初期的《陌生日本的一瞥》到晚年的《神国日本》,小泉八云的日本观产生了深刻的变化,从浮薄渐至沉稳,从情绪的宣泄渐至理智的分析,实现了其文明观本质的升华。初到日本的小泉八云,由于家庭环境的不幸、年轻时的漂泊经历、法国浪漫派文学的影响,世纪末思潮的影响,加之19世纪正是东西方文明摩擦和冲突凸显的时代,这一切使小泉八云在早期的日本印象记《陌生日本的一瞥》、东西方比较文化论著作《来自东方》、《心》等作品中,处处洋溢着对日本古老文明的赞美,以及对西方基督教文明的痛彻批判。这也形成了小泉八云早期的文明观。此后,随着对日本的理解和认识逐渐加深,他开始进入日本人的精神内面,即“灵”的世界。以《骨董》和《怪谈》为代表的一系列再现文学作品,是小泉八云在东方素材的基础上巧妙地融入西方思想,实现了东西方素材与思想的完美融合。从“泛灵论”,“爱重于死”,“佛教的轮回”等思想在其作品中的体现,可以充分肯定小泉八云再现文学中东西合璧的特质。纵观小泉八云一生的文学创作,“女性”描写占有相当的比例,它既是构成小泉八云作品中美的重要元素之一,也是小泉八云作品中的中心存在。在小泉八云的女性描写中,同样存在两种倾向。一方面是西方“永远的女性”这一女性观的体现,另一方面则是对日本传统女性的理解和赞美。即小泉八云的女性观中,也存在东西方思想共存这一特点。此外,小泉八云早在美国时代就显示了对中国文化的浓厚兴趣。这种倾向到日本后仍在继续。小泉八云在对日本文学进行再创作时,有意无意地选用了一些具有中国本源的故事。透过这些作品的变迁轨迹,可以略窥日本文学对中国怪奇文学的受容特色。在此基础上进一步分析小泉八云的再创作,亦可再度确认小泉八云再现文学的特质和主题。在真正理解了东方世界后,小泉八云将他的认识上升到理论高度,完成了日本文化论大著《神国日本》。在人生的最后阶段,他终于认识到自己一直追求和向往的理想社会――那就是进化论与佛教结合、科学与宗教统一、东西方和解融合的社会。可以说那一刻的小泉八云成就了真正的东西合璧。小泉八云文学的形成与他的人生经历和时代背景密切相关。并且他的文学、思想、价值观等随着其人生经历和时代的变迁而不断变化。小泉八云的文学是东西方艺术、思想和文化的合璧之作,在东西方文明冲突和融合这一大的背景下,小泉八云自身也实现了东西文明观由冲突到融合的升华,是一位名副其实的世界文学者。更多还原

【Abstract】 Koizumi Yakumo,whose real name is Lafcadio Hearn,came to Japan in 1890. He left 12 books about Japan, and he is called by the Japanese“the benefactor who found the essence of Japanese culture”. Many of his famous works are well known in Japan. Koizumi Yakumo ’s understanding of Japan has gone through a process from the outside to the inside. From the“Glimpse of Unfamiliar Japan”to“Japan: An Attempt at Interpretation”, his views on Japan produced a profound change and from the superficialness to calm, from the emotional expression to the rational analysis,he achieved the sublimation of his Civilization.Due to his Unfortunate family background, his youth floating experience, the impact of French romantic literature and the thoughts of the End of the Century, plus 19th-century was just the era of friction and conflict between Eastern and Western civilizations,Koizumi Yakumo expressed his Orient admiration and West criticism in his early works,such as in his Japanese Impressions“Glimpse of Unfamiliar Japan”,the works on Eastern and Western Comparative Culture“Out of the East”and“Kokoro”. It also formed the early view civilization of Koizumi Yakumo.Since then, with the understanding and awareness of Japan deepened gradually, he began to understand the spirit of the Japanese inside, that is the "ghost" world. Although his series of retold works represented by“Kotto”and“Kwaidan”is based on the old Japanese legends, by Koizumi’s re-creation, it is characterized the combination of western European thought and the eastern material resources. It has been gained the positive affirmation of the west-east combination in Yakumo Koizumi’s creation by exploring the literary thought reflected in Yakumo’s retold works from“animism”,“love being stronger than death”and“Buddhist reincarnation”.In Yakumo Koizumi’s literary works, the "Female" description works are quite a lot. It not only constitutes an important element of the beauty,but also the central existence in Koizumi Yakumo’s works. In his female description works, there are two tendencies. One is the expression of“the eternal feminine”view in west, the other is the understanding and the praise for the traditional Japanese women. Namely, there is the characteristic of East and West ideological coexistence in his female view.In addition, Koizumi Yakumo has showed interest in Chinese culture when he was in the United States. This trend continued after he came to Japan. When he re-create Japanese literature, he chose a number of Chinese original stories consciously or unconsciously. Through the changing trace of these works, we can see the Japanese literature how to accept the Chinese mystery literature. On this basis, by analyzing Koizumi Yakumo ’s re-creation, we can re-confirm the characters and themes of his retold -literary.After his real understanding of the oriental world, Koizumi Yakumo made his understanding up to the theory level, and completed the great work on Japanese culture“Japan: An Attempt at Interpretation”. In the final stage of his life, he finally realized that he has been seeking and yearning for the ideal society--that is, the unity of science and religion, the theory of evolution combined with Buddhism, the East-West reconciliation and integration of society. That is, at that moment he achieved the west-east combination.The formation of Koizumi Yakumo’s literature are closely linked with his life experience and background. And his literature, thought, the sense of values changed with his life experience and the times. Koizumi Yakumo’s literature works are the combination of the Eastern and Western Art, ideology and culture, in the background of the West-East clash of the civilizations, Koizumi Yakumo’s view on civilization achieved the sublimation from conflict to integration, and he is a real world scholar in literature.更多还原