【作者】 陈春燕；

【导师】 赵继伦；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 在我国,农民、农村、农业的现代化是中国现代化的重点和难点。离开了它们的现代化,国家的现代化只能是失衡的、残缺不全的现代化。农业是国民经济的基础,没有农业的发展,就不可能为其它产业的发展创造良好的条件;农村是社会的重要社区,农村的发展滞后,最终会影响城市社区的发展繁荣。而农业、农村的现代化发展离不开为数众多的农民的现代化。本文致力于以马克思主义的唯物史观理论为指导,以马克思主义农民观为理论依据,在吸取前人研究成果的基础上,从历时态的角度,从制度文化和精神文化的层面考察了农民现代化的发展历程。从共时态的角度,以农民生活方式的变迁为主线,从农民的劳动生活方式、消费生活方式、政治生活方式、精神生活方式和闲暇生活方式等方面的变革,全面的考察农民现代化的现实状况。围绕农民生活方式现代化这个中心,通过历史和现实的考察,探寻了农民现代化迟滞的社会因素,从而确定了农民现代化的目标和发展机遇,进而对推动农民现代化的发展提出了一些尝试性设想。本文包括导论和五章。导论阐述了中国农民现代化立论依据、研究的现状、研究的思路与方法,以期为深入研究提供一个比较清晰的视角。第一章,对中国农民现代化进行理论的阐释,明晰了农民现代化的概念,并且梳理了农民现代化研究的理论基础。提出中国农民现代化研究,要以马克思主义唯物史观和人的全面发展理论为指导,以马克思主义农民观为理论依据,在文化哲学的视角下进行研究。第二章,梳理中国农民现代化的历史演进轨迹。中国制度文化的变迁,实现了农民现代化的文化启蒙,使农民由现代化进程的旁观者向现代化国家缔造的主力军转变;由独立的小农向集体农民转变;从由被动经营农民向自主经营的商品者转变。与此相伴随,在精神文化层面上,农民正从文化自在走向文化自觉,经历了农民主体意识的觉醒到农民主体性的提升。第三章,分析了中国农民现代化的现实状态。中国农民现代化呈现出发展水平的不均衡,现代化发展模式的多样化,现代化实现过程的艰巨性,现代化发展道路的特殊性。同时,从农民的劳动生活方式、消费生活方式、政治生活方式、精神生活方式和闲暇生活方式转型的角度具体分析了中国农民现代化的文化变迁并探寻了中国农民现代化迟滞的社会原因。以乡养城的经济发展模式是农民现代化迟滞的历史之因;城乡二元结构的制度限制是农民现代化迟滞的体制之因;农村文化封闭的束缚是农民现代化迟滞的文化之因;个体生产方式的自我制约是农民现代化迟滞的环境之因;农村教育落后的影响是农民现代化迟滞的发展之因。第四章,提出了中国农民现代化的目标和现实条件。农民现代化的目标首先是农民职业化。农民职业化从根本上说是传统小农走向整体性消亡的现代化过程,是部分农民在完成非农产业转移的同时,从事农业生产由其出身自然决定,变为经营农业是人们自愿选择的社会职业,是在现代化进程中农民由自然、半自然经济为基础的生活方式向产业化、商品化、现代化和城市化生活方式的转变。其次是现代农民化生活方式的形成。农民现代化的最终目标是实现农民自由而全面的发展。这一目标的外在表现是现代化农民生活方式的建立。农民现代化的标志在于农民在政治,经济、文化和社交活动中表现出来的一系列行为方式是否体现时代精神。现代农民生活方式可以从多层次、多侧面反映农民现代化的生活状态。同时,农民市民化的不断分化、二元社会结构的逐渐消解、工业反哺农业的拉动、新农村建设的牵引成为实现农民现代化的有利条件。第五章,阐述中国农民现代化的文化实现。首先,分析了美国、法国、韩国和日本等发达国家农民现代化的模式,并提出农民现代化可借鉴的成功经验:有效地转移农村剩余劳动力来减少农民;实施惠农政策来支持农民;组建农民组织来壮大农民;利用教育培训来提高农民。其次,提出了农民现代化的文化实现路径。中国农民现代化本质上是人的发展问题,它的主要任务是改造农民传统性,提高农民的综合素质,这就需要通过农民现代化的教育养成和全方位地重构农民现代化的物质文化、精神文化和制度文化,促进农民现代性的提升。更多还原

【Abstract】 In our country, modernization of the peasantry, the rural areas and the agriculture is the emphasis and difficulty in Chinese modernization. The modernization of our country will be incomplete and unbalance without their modernization. Agriculture is the basis of the national economy. It is impossible to create the good conditions for the other industries without the development of agriculture. Rural areas are the important communities in the society. The sluggish development of rural areas will ultimately affect the development and prosperity of the urban communities. Yet the agricultural and rural modernization could not be realized without the modernization of a large number peasant’s modernization.This article is committed to the Marxist theory of historical materialism as the instruction and the Marxist peasantry’s concept as the theoretical basis. On the basis of predecessor research results, the article inspects the peasantry modernization development process from the diachronic point of view, institutional culture and spiritual culture. From the point of synchronic view, the article examines the realities of the peasantry modernization comprehensively from lifestyle changes of the labor, consumption, political life, spiritual aspects and leisure, which takes the changes of peasants way of life as the main line. With the studying of history and reality, this article explores the factors of the modernization of the peasantry, which concentrates on the modernization of the peasantry’s lifestyle. Thus this article determines the goals and opportunities of the development of modernization and put forward some tentative ideas about promoting the development of the modernization of the peasantry.Introduction to modern Chinese peasants’arguments expounded the basis of the current status, ideas and methods to study after a period of a clearer perspective.In chapter I, it will explain the modernization of Chinese peasants with theory and interpret the concept of the peasantry modernization. Rationalize the theory of the research on the peasantry modernization. The article discusses modernization of Chinese peasantry with Marxist historical materialism, the all-round development theory and Marxist view of the peasantry. Do the research in the perspective of philosophy of culture. The peasantry from the spectator shift to the main force to create a modern state.In chapter II, it rationalizes the historical evolution of modernization of Chinese peasant. First of all, the changes of Chinese institutional culture realize the enlightenment of modernization of Chinese peasant. Chinese peasantry transforms from spectator to main force to create a modern nation; independent the small-scale peasantry shift to the collective peasantry; the passive managers shift to autonomous businessmen. Second, the peasantry unrestrained make for culture is exactly conscientious from the culture, the arousal having experienced peasant consciousness hoists to the subject to enhance the peasantry.In chapter III, it analyzes the modernization of the real statue of Chinese forms. Modernization of Chinese peasant has shown uneven levels of development, diversification of development modernization models, arduous process of the implementation of modernization, and the particularity development of modernization. At the same time, from the aspect of the peasantry working methods, consumer life-style, political life, spiritual life and leisure lifestyle shift analysis the culture transformation of the modernization of Chinese peasants, and try to seek the social causes of modernization of Chinese peasant sluggish. The reason as following: make rural economic development to support the city delayed the modernization of the peasantry due to the history; the system of urban-rural dual structure limits the peasantry delayed the modernization of the system are connected; the shackles of cultural isolation of rural the peasantry due to the modernization of culture lag; individual production self-restraint is a modern that the peasantry delayed because of the environment; the impact of educational backwardness of rural peasant due to the modernization of development delayed.In chapter IV, it presents the goal of modernization of Chinese peasant and its realistic conditions. The first and foremost goal of modernization is professionalization of the peasantry which fundamentally means a process of overall demise of the traditional small-scale the peasantry. After a fraction of the peasantry completed the transfer of non-agricultural industries, they engaged in agricultural production by their natural origins. Now engaging in agriculture has become a kind of social career voluntarily chosen by people, resembling a shift from a lifestyle based on natural and semi-natural economy to that of industrialization, commercialization, modernization and urbanization. Secondly, it is the formation of the peasantry modern lifestyle. The modern peasant ultimate goal is to achieve free and comprehensive development. The external manifestations of this goal are the establishment of the modern peasant way of life. Modernization is important to measure the peasant in the political, economic, cultural and social activities in a series of demonstration in the spirit of the age. Modern peasants’ways of life, from the multi-level, multi-dimensional perspective, reflect a modern state of lives of peasants. Meanwhile, the era differentiation of peasant’s elimination of the dual social structures, stimulation of industry nurturing of agriculture and new rural construction traction have become favorable conditions for the realization of modernization of the peasantry.In chapter V, it is to explain the cultural construction for the realization of Chinese peasant modernization. Firstly, the analysis on modes of the peasant modernization was made in the United States, France, South Korea and Japan, and then the successful modernization experience of the peasantry in other developed countries was put forward; effected transfer of rural surplus labor force is to reduce the number of the peasantry; implementation of preferential agricultural policy is to support the peasantry; the formation of farmer organizations is to strengthen the power of the peasantry; the use of education and training is to improve the peasantry various qualities. Secondly, methods of culturally realizing the peasantry modernization are proposed. The modernization of Chinese peasant is essentially concerning with human development. Its main task is to transform traditional concepts owned by the peasantry, to improve the overall abilities of the peasantry, which requires restructuring the peasantry all-round modernization in terms of material culture, spiritual culture and institutional culture by means of education and cultivation to promote the upgrading of the peasantry modernity.更多还原